Poster Presentations Session 2

December 3rd 2025 | 1:00pm - 2:00pm | Ballrooms

• #35 - Andrea Wicks - Understanding the motivation of playing competitive adult volleyball

  Mentor: Eddie Hill
  College: Dr. Ezekiel R. Dumke College of Health Professions
  Department: Health, Physical Education & Recreation
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand the motivation of playing competitive adult volleyball. Adult competitive volleyball is a competitive sport and can be expensive. Team mates when selecting team members to play competitively are looking for pristine fundamental skill levels such as serving, passing, and setting. Additionally, they are looking for mental toughness, positive attitudes, and good communication skills. Volleyball is a sport that requires commitment of a lot of time in order to master these complex techniques required to play competitive volleyball.  With demands as these, it is important to understand the motivation present for players who are playing competitive volleyball. In regard to motivation in competitive volleyball, studies indicate reasons for participation include fun-related pleasure, social bonding, enjoyment, and health. In a study conducted in 2024 the most expressive factor in motivation was affiliation, health, technical improvement, physical conditioning, and energy. Data will be collected via a google forms survey administered on site at an adult volleyball club in Farmington, UT as well through email to all of the clubs volleyball players. Data has not yet been collected but will be in the near future.   The data will be analyzed using the Means-end of Recreation Scale (MERS). Means-end analysis seeks to develop an understanding of how consumers or participants feel about a particular product or service.

• #4 - Angelie Reyes - Linear Lotka–Volterra: 2SLS Estimation of Predator–Prey Interactions

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: This project looks at how predator and prey populations interact, but through an econometrics angle. The classic Lotka-Volterra (LV) model is used as a handy way to explore endogeneity—basically, when variables influence each other—and how to fix it with instrumental variables (IV). The LV setup boils down to two linked nonlinear equations tracking predator-prey ups and downs. To crunch real numbers, we tweak them into per-capita growth rates, where each side's growth depends straight-up linearly on the other's numbers. This turns it into something like a supply-demand system, perfect for simple OLS regression or beefed-up 2SLS with instruments.

  We break it into two parts. First, a simulation: We build fake predator-prey data with set parameters and dialed-in endogeneity, then test how OLS messes up (like understating predation) and if 2SLS nails the truth, depending on instrument quality and noise levels. Second, real-world test: We apply it to Yellowstone's wolves and elk after the 1995 wolf comeback. Pulling annual wolf pack counts and elk estimates, we run the growth equations, check for that two-way feedback causing endogeneity, and use stuff like heavy snowpack or hunting limits as instruments.

  The simulations confirm the point: OLS underestimates predation effects thanks to those mutual feedback loops, but 2SLS nails the true values when the instruments hold up. The Yellowstone example reveals endogeneity in action, just like in economic markets. In the end, this setup makes ecological models a lively, real-data playground for unpacking econometrics essentials—endogeneity, identification, and IVs—while linking theory straight to the chaotic, policy-shaping stuff out in nature.

• #20 - Ashlee Vincent - Plecoptera Genera Distribution Within Mesohabitats of Strongs Creek

  Additional Authors: Garrett Clemens, Riley Jones, Sara Allen
  Mentor: Eddie Hill
  College: Dr. Ezekiel R. Dumke College of Health Professions
  Department: Health, Physical Education & Recreation
  Abstract: Regional biodiversity studies are important for setting conservation priorities and in examining elements that control diversity. The insect order Plecoptera, commonly named stoneflies, has long been an important indicator species of freshwater stream health due to its environmental sensitivity. Plecoptera can be found throughout a number of microhabitats within a stream. Most stoneflies go through several life stages, with the longest stage spent as an aquatic nymph. These genera of stonefly all feed differently and utilize different types of mesohabitats within freshwater environments. Mesohabitats are smaller areas within a larger habitat that contain specific features. The goal of our study was to collect Plecoptera specimens across several mesohabits and determine their distributions throughout Strongs Creek. We collected macroinvertebrates from six different mesohabitats: rapids & cascades, mainstream riffles, shoreline riffles, middle pools, shoreline pools, and debris. We used a variety of methods, such as kick netting, cobble picking, bucket sampling, and dip netting. We then sorted macroinvertebrates to determine their genus and some of their distinguishing characteristics. Of the specimens we sampled, Sweltsa was the most abundant genus and was found within all of the mesohabitats. Hesperoperla was the second most common and inhabited all mesohabitats, except for the middle pools. We found stoneflies of the genera Amphinemoura and Malenka almost exclusively within debris, likely due to being shredders, which are invertebrates that feed on leaves. Similarly, we only captured specimens of the genus Zapada in the mainstream riffles, suggesting a preference for faster-moving waters. This study illustrated that a creek as small as Strongs Creek can still be quite diverse, even within a single insect order, given that it has a variety of mesohabitats.

• #24 - Benjamin Christensen - Functional Feeding Group Distribution of Ephemeroptera Across Microhabitats in Strong's Creek

  Additional Authors: Mattie Ferrell, Miriah Thompson, Sydney Stone, Zachary Araujo
  Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Strong’s Creek is a small stream on the Weber State University campus that supports diverse aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. In this study, we examined the order Ephemeroptera (mayflies) to analyze the distribution of functional feeding groups (FFGs) across six microhabitats in the creek. Mayfly larvae were collected, preserved, identified to genus, and categorized into FFGs based on documented feeding strategies. Across 379 individuals representing eleven genera, we identified two dominant feeding groups: scrapers and collectors. Scraper genera (Epeorus, Rhithrogena, Macdunnoa, Cinygmula, Heptagenia, and Drunella) were most abundant in the middle pool and mainstream habitats, where stable substrates support periphyton growth. Collector genera (Baetis, Acentrella, Heterocloeon, Neoleptophlebia, and Ameletus) were more common in mainstream, shoreline riffles, and rapid/cascade habitats, where fine organic particles are more available. Some genera, such as Cinygmula, were widespread across multiple habitat types, while others, such as Baetis, were concentrated in faster-flowing, high-turbulence zones. These patterns indicate that variation in habitat structure and flow conditions influences resource distribution, shaping the feeding strategies and spatial organization of mayflies in Strong’s Creek.

• #11 - Bhishma Bhattarai - The Impact of Experience, Company Size, and Remote Work on Data Science Salaries: An OLS and WLS Analysis

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: This project explores drivers of data science salaries, with the focus on building a regression model of salaries while accounting specifically for heteroskedasticity. Since the common occurrence of non-constant variance in salary data has been established, Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression is used as a feasible approach to enhance model efficiency and reliability on the inferences of the model. The methodology includes loading and preprocessing data science salary data including log transforming salary to make it a log variable. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model is firstly designed to create baseline relationships; then, after examining the residuals and statistical tests for heteroskedasticity, the results show the presence of heteroskedasticity. Then, the WLS model was used to address this problem. The inverse of the squared residuals of the first OLS model was used as weights in the WLS model, (wᵢ = 1 / eᵢ²). Both models are then tested and compared in terms of measuring R-squared and standard errors to measure the presence of heteroskedasticity. The WLS model showed better R-squared value (0.973 for the log salary) than the OLS model (0.302 for the log salary) and the coefficients' standard errors were reduced, which means the model was more efficient. Further refinement of the model based on additional predictors such as job title and residence location of the employees increased the R-squared to 0.975.

  The project finds experience level to be a key influencer of data science salaries with executives making significantly more than entry-level. Company size and working remote are also statistically significant. The study has been able to show that heteroskedasticity existed in the OLS model and that the application of WLS was successful in reducing it offering efficient model where the coefficient estimations were more accurate and the standard errors were smaller.

• #21 - Bianca Mitchell - Acorn Productivity in Congruence to Slope Angle and Elevation in Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii)

  Additional Authors: Luke Morgan, El Gautschy, Emily Porter, Seth Harris
  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Masting, is the synchronized, highly variable production of seed crops by plant populations across years and is characterized by intermittent years of abundance followed by low output.  As such, masting trees can greatly affect ecosystem productivity and nutrient cycling. Our research examines acorn production in Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) in order to test predictions of the resource matching and pollination hypotheses.  We measured soil moisture, elevation, and slope angle at 57 Gambel oak trees located in the montane zone above Weber State University in Ogden, Utah. Within one-square-meter quadrats established at each tree, we quantified slope angle by measuring vertical decline over horizontal distance, recorded tree elevation using GPS, counted and categorized viable acorns, and collected soil samples for moisture analysis. We are currently running regression analyses and predict negative relationships between elevation and acorn production, as well as between slope angle and soil moisture, consistent with predictions that resource availability governs reproductive output. Additionally, we anticipate that slope angle will negatively influence acorn production through its effects on moisture retention. Findings from this study will advance understanding of how topographic variables influence masting dynamics in Gambel oak and clarify the role of resource matching in driving reproductive patterns. This work contributes to broader knowledge of oak productivity in montane ecosystems and may inform predictions of seed availability for wildlife communities dependent on mast resources.

• #22 - Bianca Mitchell - Variation in Trichoptera (Caddisfly) Assemblages Among Stream Habitat Types

  Additional Authors: Zachary Olson, Trevor Rasmussen, Liam Crettol, Landen Barnett
  Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Our research involved surveying Strong's Creek, located above Weber State University in Ogden, Utah, to examine the presence and habitat distribution of Trichoptera (Caddisflies) at the genus level. Operating under a null hypothesis of equal genus distribution across habitats, we collected invertebrates from six distinct stream habitats: rapids/cascades, mainstream riffles, shoreline riffles, middle pools, shoreline pools, and debris. Sampling was conducted with kick nets, open-bottom buckets, and picking invertebrates off cobbles. Specimens were preserved in a 70% ethanol solution. Collected invertebrates were then sorted into Trichoptera families and genera via microscopes and identification keys. We ultimately identified 158 caddisfly individuals, which represented seven families and 12 genera overall. Our sampling collection suggests habitat distribution of the Trichoptera genera was uneven, with 45.6% of our total caddisflies found within the rapids/cascades mesohabitat. Most notably, the genus Diplectrona (of the Hydropsychidae family) was the collected majority in the rapids/cascades habitat. They represented 51.4% of all caddisflies found there. In comparison, the middle pools habitat presented only 0.6% of the total, with one Brachycentrus (Brachycentridae family) specimen collected. However, this genus was more dense within the debris habitat, representing 29.6% of the total caddisflies. Overall, caddisfly genera were unevenly distributed among mesohabitat types (F = 2.35, df = 5, 66, p = 0.05). Further, there were more genera present in rapids/cascades and debris habitats than expected by chance, while middle and shoreline pools had fewer than expected by chance (X2 = 9.75, df = 5, p = 0.08). The uneven distribution supports spatial niche partitioning among the Trichoptera genera. The co-occurrence of genera within the same mesohabitats suggests that rapids/cascades and debris habitats are the most productive and non-limiting in resources. This allows for a more diverse presence of Trichoptera genera within these more productive habitats.

• #26 - Boyd Griffiths - SGK1 may represent a therapeutic target in BRAF-mutant melanoma

  Additional Authors: Landen Barnett, Camden Van Tassell, 
  Mentor: Gennie Parkman
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Despite advancements in treatment, the five-year survival rate for Stage IV melanoma remains low, around 30%, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies. Two key signaling pathways, RAF,MEK,ERK (MAPK) and PI3K,AKT, are often co-activated in melanoma and play a central role in its initiation and progression. About 50% of melanomas have a BRAF mutation, but many patients develop resistance to therapies targeting this pathway. Additionally, disruptions in the PI3K>AKT pathway, such as loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN or activation of PI3K or AKT, are common in BRAF-mutant melanomas. Despite promising preclinical studies, no PI3K or AKT inhibitors have been approved for advanced melanoma treatment. The serine/threonine kinase SGK1 (serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) plays a pivotal role in cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, and migration, and has been implicated in various cancers, including melanoma. Our previous work has shown that AKT was inhibited, SGK1 was upregulated, potentially rescuing cell survival and acting as an inherent resistance mechanism for AKT inhibition. SGK1 was also found to be higher in primary melanoma tumors compared to normal skin lesions. In vivo experiments in a mouse melanoma model demonstrate that overexpressing SGK1 promotes tumor growth and reduces survival, and these experiments are currently ongoing to examine the impact on metastasis in this mice. These findings position SGK1 as a promising therapeutic target for melanoma, particularly in combination with existing treatment strategies. This body of work underscores the importance of further investigating SGK1’s molecular mechanisms and its potential to improve melanoma treatment outcomes.

• #53 - Bradley Ratovonjanahary - Sustainability: Thrifting vs fast fashion

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: English
  Abstract: Thrifting is becoming rapidly popular in our society, especially among younger generations. The main motivations behind this are self-identity, low cost, and environmental awareness. Shopping secondhand is much more sustainable for the planet compared to buying clothing from fast fashion outlets. But while it remains true that buying secondhand and reusing/repairing used clothing is better for the environment. Data indicates that the recent boom in thrift shopping among younger generations is actually making things worse for the planet. There are a few factors that affect this, including the psychological effects of our purchasing decisions and the quick turnover time on the clothing that is purchased, rather than focusing on buying new clothes from thrift stores whenever we get bored or if they go out of style. We should instead learn to repair and repurpose the clothes that we do have. Secondhand shopping is not necessarily bad for the environment, but the practices we do alongside it and how we execute it are important for increasing sustainability and decreasing waste.

• #38 - Brodie Donohue - Symbolic Interactionism and How It Assists the Spread of Negative Beauty Standards in our Society

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: English
  Abstract: I propose to discuss how the sociological theory of symbolic interactionism makes negative beauty ideals more prominent in our society. People have discussed what negative beauty ideals are plaguing our society, and they have also discussed how they are being conveyed. What has not been discussed very often is why these methods of conveyance work so well. I have researched how symbolic interactionism interacts with social media, one of the main forms of conveyance, and the reason why these ideals then become ingrained in our youth. I looked at many sources, from scholarly articles to reports about experiments, to gather information on this topic. 

• #14 - Camden Brooks - Estimating Acorn Viability of Gamble Oaks

  Additional Authors: Jonathon Sonntag, Benjamin Mclean, Bethany Bertoldie
  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Acorn viability is a crucial sign in determining Gamble Oak regeneration potential and overall reproductive success. Reduced seed viability can limit recruitment of new individuals, differ species composition, and lower habitat quality for species dependent on Gamble Oaks. This study was targeted to determine the percentage of viable acorns produced during the 2025 fall season across 4 different transects within the university natural research area. Acorns were collected weekly from late September through October using standardized ground traps. Each acorn was initially categorized as infested or non-infested visually, then dissected to confirm the viability based on absence of insect damage and overall embryo integrity. Across all 4 sampling sites, a total of 572 acorns were collected, and 248 were dissected. Only 2 acorns contained viable embryos indicating an overall viability rate of approximately 0.8%. This incredibly low viability suggests that the 2025 acorn mast experienced high rates of weevil infestation or other prior mortality factors. Having such low seed survival could have a significant impact on Gamble Oak regeneration, as reduced viable seed production may limit recruitment and long-term forest stability. Continued monitoring of Gamble Oak acorn viability and infestation rates will be key for understanding population dynamics and guiding conservation management for these Gamble Oak ecosystems.

• #19 - Camden Van Tassell - Distribution of Nymphs of the Order Plecoptera by Microhabitat in a First Order Stream

  Additional Authors: Boyd Griffiths, Hayden Jeppsen, Davis Swanson, Landon Baird
  Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Seed production in trees like Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) influences forest regeneration, wildlife food availability, and overall ecosystem health. Understanding how sunlight exposure affects acorn viability can reveal how resource availability shapes reproductive success and forest composition. Our study tests whether sun-exposed Gambel oak trees produce a higher proportion of viable acorns than shaded trees. We conducted this study in the Weber State University Natural Area, collecting acorns weekly over four weeks from traps positioned beneath trees distributed along eight established transects. We quantified total acorn production, assessed viability using flotation tests, and measured light intensity at each trap location using a lux meter. We are currently analyzing the relationship between sun exposure and acorn viability using regression and t-tests. We expect to find that sun-exposed trees produce more viable acorns than shaded trees, consistent with the resource matching hypothesis. Variation among transects may reflect additional environmental influences such as elevation and microclimate. These findings will help clarify how resource availability drives seed production in Gambel oak and contribute to understanding how light availability affects forest reproduction and resilience in the area.

• #18 - Camden Van Tassell - Effect of Sun Exposure on Acorn Viability in Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii)

  Additional Authors: Boyd Griffiths, Tyler Olson
  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Seed production in trees like Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) influences forest regeneration, wildlife food availability, and overall ecosystem health. Understanding how sunlight exposure affects acorn viability can reveal how resource availability shapes reproductive success and forest composition. Our study tests whether sun-exposed Gambel oak trees produce a higher proportion of viable acorns than shaded trees. We conducted this study in the Weber State University Natural Area, collecting acorns weekly over four weeks from traps positioned beneath trees distributed along eight established transects. We quantified total acorn production, assessed viability using flotation tests, and measured light intensity at each trap location using a lux meter. We are currently analyzing the relationship between sun exposure and acorn viability using regression and t-tests. We expect to find that sun-exposed trees produce more viable acorns than shaded trees, consistent with the resource matching hypothesis. Variation among transects may reflect additional environmental influences such as elevation and microclimate. These findings will help clarify how resource availability drives seed production in Gambel oak and contribute to understanding how light availability affects forest reproduction and resilience in the area.

• #28 - Camerun Jolley - A Student Friendly Model for Retinal Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish: The Nitroreductase Model

  Additional Authors: Laila Thomas, Ethan Jensen, Adrian Rea
  Mentor: Elizabeth Sandquist
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: There are millions of Americans that suffer from retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. These diseases can result in permanent blindness due to the inability to regenerate the central nervous system. Researchers are exploring ways to improve people's ability to regenerate their retina through stem cell therapies. Despite current research, retinal stem cell therapies are largely ineffective due to limited stem cell survival and the inability to control cell migration and integration. Zebrafish are a valuable animal model for informing stem cell therapies for regenerating retinal tissue since they can naturally regenerate their retina after injury through proliferation of Müller glial cells. These new cells then migrate to injured regions to replace lost cells. The ultimate goal of our research is to understand how zebrafish stem cells interact with their extracellular environment to contribute to retinal regeneration. Our current aim is to induce injury and regeneration in the retina of larval zebrafish using a transgenic model which selectively induces rod cell death through the gene nitroreductase. This project also aims to develop a research model suitable for an undergraduate classroom setting, allowing students to gain hands-on research experience in a single semester using larval zebrafish, which regenerate quickly and are easily analyzed. Briefly, five day old larval zebrafish were exposed to metronidazole to induce rod cell death. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that the majority of the rod cells disappeared after two days. Students can now focus on researching the roles of different extracellular components during regeneration. This model of research is accessible to any undergraduate student and by learning more about how these components enable regeneration in zebrafish, we can identify possible strategies to improve current stem cell based retinal therapies.

   

• #9 - Cayden Wootton - Bots' Effects in Public Goods Games

  Additional Authors: Edgar Rodriquez, Mortiz Bornemann
  Mentors: Jennifer Gnagey, Matt Gnagey, Therese Cavlovic, Brandon Koford
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: Do humans trust bots as much as they do other humans? This study is a public goods experiment designed to determine whether humans cooperate with artificial intelligence in public goods games. There is a lack of research that studies human-bot interactions within public goods games. According to previous economic research research, humans are more reluctant to cooperate with bots than with humans within the adjacent field of trust games. If this is true, participants will contribute less on average to groups with bots than groups without them. As humans interact more with AI agents it becomes increasingly likely that these agents will participate directly in economic activity, making it much more important to study interactions between humans and bots in economic scenarios. Such a scenario that provides a particular interest is the provision of public goods which require at least some form of cooperation to enable successful procurement of funds. In this experiment we examine the effects of such agents participating in 10 round repeated provisioning of public goods with a ratio of 50% humans. Several control groups, with 100% humans, will be run in a similar manner. In each session there were always four participants. Depending upon if a group was part of the treatment or control, two bots would occupy two participant slots. We predict that the human participants will not cooperate with such artificial agents at the same level they cooperate among groups with solely human participants in the provision of public goods. Initial results suggest that there is a difference between the average total contribution in mixed human-bot rounds and human-human rounds.

• #34 - Chandler Williams - Mind the Gap: Public and Provider Disconnect in Physical Activity Promotion

  Additional Authors: Alyssa Freestone
  Mentors: Saori Hanaki
  College: Dr. Ezekiel R. Dumke College of Health Professions
  Department: Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
  Abstract: PURPOSE: To identify healthcare providers’ and the general public’s interests, motivations, and barriers for physical activity engagement, and investigate the alignment and misalignment between these populations in a Western urban center community.

  METHODS: Two separate anonymous online surveys, for the public (PUB, n = 45) and healthcare providers (HP, n = 26), assessed perceptions related to physical activity (PA) and its role in disease management, barriers, and motivations for physical activity. The surveys also inquired about physical activity education provided in healthcare settings.

  RESULTS: All respondents recognized the importance of PA for health. Health benefits were the main motivator for PUB (78%), especially among those who were already active. The social aspect of PA, valued among PUB, was less emphasized by HP. While patients’ lack of motivation was cited by 84.6% of HP as the largest reason for not being physically active, PUB, particularly, the ones not meeting PA recommendations, expressed anxiety and lack of knowledge as a major barrier. HP reported that they regularly provide PA education as part of patient counseling; however, PUB felt that HP’s engagement in PA education was not meeting their needs. Patterns regarding PA promotion varied by specialty and years of practice, with general medicine and mid to late career HP most consistently promoting PA.

  CONCLUSION: The population recognized the importance of PA for health. However, the perceived barriers indicated a key mismatch. PUB emphasized emotional, informational, and logistical challenges and placed greater value on social support and incentives, which were underrecognized by HP. The key alignment was the need for improved education. These findings highlight the importance of implementing socially focused education strategies for HP and PUB populations to improve PA promotion and participation by addressing PUB-reported barriers: lack of resources and limited knowledge, while incorporating underemphasized motivators like incentives and social engagement.

• #12 - Davis Swanson - Microhabitat Factors Impacting Perch Selection by Lazuli Buntings

  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Vegetation structure plays a critical role in shaping avian reproductive behavior, particularly during the breeding season. Its influence on nest-site selection and female mate choice is well established.  However, little is known about the role of fine-scale vegetation features in male song perch selection. Elevated perches serve as platforms for both mate attraction and territory defense, perch selection may be shaped by microhabitat characteristics that enhance signal transmission, detectability, or thermoregulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that male Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) non-randomly select song perches based on specific structural attributes of vegetation. We predicted that used song posts would be taller, located higher within the canopy, and more likely to include dead branches than randomly available perches, and that temperature would influence the use of live versus dead vegetation. To test these predictions, we compared 129 song perches used by territorial males with 129 randomly selected Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) trees—the dominant woody vegetation in the study area. Lazuli Buntings consistently perched in taller trees, selected higher positions within the canopy, and used dead branches more frequently than expected by chance. Additionally, the probability of selecting live vegetation increased significantly with ambient temperature. These findings indicate that song perch selection in Lazuli Buntings reflects both behavioral adaptation to local vegetation structure and plastic responses to thermal conditions. Consequently, this study contributes to a broader understanding of how ecological and abiotic factors shape signaling behavior in arid woodland habitats.

   

• #44 - Dylan Cheney - Horror video games and anxiety

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose that horror  video games could be used as a therapeutic way to help treat anxiety through their environment with a focus on Resident Evil 7: Biohazard. Through my research I have found that horror games can be useful in treating anxiety through exposure therapy, by giving people a safe place to experience some of their worst fears and be able to overcome them and make it easier to live with. The methods that I have used to discover these results have been through sources such as the Stewart Library and other scholarly websites. Through my research I have found that horror video games can be used as an effective way to help treat anxiety.

• #49 - Ellie Vandegrift - Hair Extensions

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: The purpose of this project is to create your own question based on the idea of how beauty ideals in the media, industry, or politics affect identity and self expression globally. I chose to focus my question on how the hair extension trend in celebrity culture influences young women's beauty
  ideals and causes potential hair disorders. Social media has created a sense of needing long, thick, beautiful hair to fit in with the social media standards. Especially young African American women. There are many different hair extensions that can be attached to the hair, but at what cost? Adding hair extensions can increase the risk of potential hair disorders and potentially put someone at risk going into a medical procedure. I annotated and synthesized ten journal articles to use in my writing to help me and the audience encapsulate the idea of hair extensions.

• #29 - Emma Jade Nielson- Parenting Experience and Relationship Satisfaction

  Additional Authors: Whitney Swensen, Emma Russell, Kenzington Stacey
  Mentor: C. Ryan Dunn
  College: College of Social Sciences & Education
  Department: Child & Family Studies
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of parenting experience on the romantic relationship satisfaction of the parents following the birth of a child. Many studies have looked into the effects of childbirth on first-time and multiparous (with multiple children) parents with children aged 0-12 months and have discovered that relationship satisfaction between partners often decreases at the birth of their first child. Common themes of research include demographic differences involved in this relationship and a variety of factors that affect coping. This study extends the field of knowledge by describing how this adjustment in relationship satisfaction differs according to experience.

• #17 - Evan Schroeder - Soil Moisture and Acorn Production in Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii)

  Additional Authors: Elliot Hoisington, Garrett Clemens
  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Acorn production can have significant effects on the distribution and abundance of many wildlife species and consequently affect species diversity.  Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii) is a common and widespread species throughout the intermountain west, however little work has been done on the factors affecting its acorn production.  A better understanding of factors that drive acorn production in Gambel Oak could help predict the overall productivity of an ecosystem. We examined if acorn production is influenced by soil moisture in a 50 ha natural area located in Ogden, Utah. Transects were established and trees were permanently marked and assessed for condition, size, and acorn productivity.  We quantified acorn productivity by visually surveying standardized plots at pre-selected trees. We sampled soil near each tree for soil moisture determination.  We will use regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between acorn production and soil moisture and expect a positive relationship if these factors influence production. The results of this study will provide important information on the role of soil structure in productivity of this species.

• #45 - Fabiola Bohorquez-Anez - The Early 2000s and the Standard of Being Thin

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose to discuss the correlation between beauty standards within the last two decades and the extreme beauty standards set in the early 2000s, in regards to young women. The early 2000s was a time run by thin and unachievable beauty standards, set by Hollywood celebrities and those alike. Harmful trends, language and conversations involving the promotion of “heroin chic” looks have translated to discourse and standards throughout the last two decades. Our society nowadays has seen those similar standards resurface, in social media and in Hollywood, just as it was in the early 2000s. I researched this topic using scholarly sources, primarily through Weber State Universities provided databases. Based on my findings, I concluded that the glorification of thinness in the early 2000s has connections to body positivity movements, popularized weight loss medication, and provided room for the resurgence of dangerous ideals, trends and rhetoric. The extreme body ideals imposed on society and young women throughout the last two decades have had different looks, but leave the same impressionable mark.

• #54 - Fernando Cervantes - Fast Fashion affects on sweat shop workers and consumers

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I want to propose my research question of how has the rise of fast fashion production in the last decade impacted consumerism (buying habits) in the USA and the sweatshop's negative impacts on factory workers in Asia (southeast Asia). My research has led me to learn of the unhealthy environment fast fashion industries are putting workers through. I have done research on a variety of scholarly articles to understand the impact that fast fashion has had on both the consumers here in the US and the workers in developing countries, specifically in the region of Southeast Asia.

• #56 - Fernando Guerrero - How Have Hollywood action movies in the last 15 years raised male beauty standard and how have these standards contributed to struggle of self-worth among men.

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose to go into how these action films have affected men's mental health due to these rising beauty standards. Going into body dysmorphia and how these films can fuel these mental struggles about not feeling good enough.  Going into how Hollywood films market these overly muscular men as the standard for a hero or main character and how constant exposure to these unrealistic physics cause men to try to go to the extreme to reach this unrealistic goals like steroid use, over exercising, and eating disorders which can cause all sorts of health problems also going how these films can influence teenage boys because of their vulnerable state of trying to figure out their self identity. All these films can be very influential in shaping the beauty standards which can cause men to not feel enough in their own body's. I also give ways to help others not get influenced by these medias' influences.

• #13 - Frankie Collard - Influence of Infestation on Acorn Production in Gambel Oaks

  Additional Authors: Lucas Mower, Karlee Frandsen, Nattakarn Kununtha, Denisse Borja
  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) provides critical mast resources for wildlife communities throughout Utah. The timing and the success of masting are essential for sustaining consumer populations through predator satiation. Our study quantifies the extent of insect infestation in the current year's acorn crop to assess reproductive output and viability. We collected acorns from one-square-meter transects positioned beneath randomly selected trees within the Weber State University Natural Area. Each acorn was dissected to determine infestation status and viability. During masting years, we anticipated finding high proportions of viable acorns capable of escaping predation and contributing to regeneration. Preliminary results suggest lower viability than expected. Understanding annual variation in acorn production and quality remains important for predicting wildlife food availability and assessing the capacity of Gambel oak populations to maintain reproductive success despite sustained seed predation pressure. These findings contribute to broader knowledge of masting dynamics and their implications for forest-wildlife interactions in montane shrubland ecosystems.

• #43 - Gracie Stone - Christian Dior's “New Look”: Redefinition of Feminine 1950s

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose to discuss Christian Dior's effects on the 1950s perceptions of femininity. My working research question: How did Dior's Fashion and its culture affect the post-World War II perception of femininity? I plan to answer this question with my working thesis statement: Christian Dior's historically significant "New Look" defined the post-World War II fashion landscape and, through its strategic dissemination and adaptation by popular American media and influential Hollywood figures, powerfully interacted with the conservative, traditional perceptions of femininity for cultural conformity during the 1950s Cold War era, affecting women's self-perceptions. Dior's "New Look" touched every facet of 1950s popular women's fashion and influenced style for decades to come. These changes to fashion did not happen in a vacuum and represented and reinforced the cultural ideals of a post-war America that specifically impacted women. My goal is to use these ideas to prove my thesis statement. My research methodology for this paper includes WSU and online databases, focusing on peer-reviewed studies.

• #8 - Ian Tai Ahn - Ad Conversion Rates & value-added agents

  Mentors: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: This project aims to investigate how econometric techniques, specifically 2SLS with instrument variables, will help with the endogenous nature of a selected variable. Further work into how value-added estimation will also be conducted to find the "agents" that contribute to the dependent variable's outcomes.

  While 2SLS and IV are a well-documented area of econometrics, this study will utilize machine learning techniques to feature engineering a new exogenous regressor that will be used as an instrument in the 2SLS process.
  So, this study aims to combine machine learning's feature engineering with econometrics value-added estimates via agents.   
  There are many papers on 2SLS and IV, and my professor showed me a great research paper explaining the introduction and usage of the value-added estimation technique. This technique was created by Raj Chetty who is a very famous and popular modern-day economist.
  The feature engineered exogenous regressors should get rid of the endogeneity issue when using 2SLS. The main area of interest is how the inference yielded from value-added estimation will turn up.
  Hopefully meaningful inference will be gathered from this, and the results will tell which columns or features in the dataset contribute to the selected dependent variable chosen for this study.

• #46 - Isabella Rasmussen - Social Media and the Rise in Anorexia Nervosa

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose to discuss the relationship that the rise in social media and influencers whose content promotes restrictive eating habits and extreme fitness regimens has had on the heightened rates of disordered eating trends in young women within the new age of technology. After reviewing multiple sources, I have concluded that social media is greatly impacting children's and specifically young women's mental health and self-esteem, which is creating a pathway for young women to develop disordered eating habits. In order to come to this conclusion, I searched for scholarly articles concerning relevant topics through Weber State University's library. Thinness has consistently been the idolized body type; social media reflects that. The rise of influencers has caused this ideal to be heightened. Seeing as it has become normalized for young women to have access to social media, anorexia rates in young women are rising; the average age of women suffering from eating disorders is currently sitting at age twelve (Nawaz, et. al, 2024). Content that pushes the thin ideal forward has been linked to body dissatisfaction; once this trait is developed, one is at a high risk of developing an eating disorder. When young women have access to content that promotes anorexia nervosa, a recipe for disaster is created, and eating disorders are born from the content consumed.

• #39 - Jack Stark - How gaming and the culture surrounding it impact the self-image of male adolescents

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: The objective for my research was to discover how aspects of gaming could negatively harm the self-esteem of male adolescents. Most works about media and its impact on self-image tend to focus on other types of media, such as magazines and movies. Research is often lacking in this subject regarding video games and their effect. Writings I have found about the subject, typically only focus on one particular part of video games and how it impacts adolescents. For example, how a video game character's appearance can negatively impact a person's body image, how the culture of video games impacts an individual, or the negative effects of a gaming disorder. I aim to collect this research and encompass it into one argument of how video games as a whole can impact an adolescent male's self-image. What was concluded from the research, was almost entirely negative, finding that an excessive amount of playing video games can lead to a negative view of oneself.

• #40 - James Hawkins - The Art of Creating Male Aggression

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: This project intends to illustrate the connections between American gun culture, first person-shooter videogames, and how products are marketed to men; ultimately inflaming male aggression and bigotry. This will be accomplished by examining scholarly articles, a book about the gamification of warfare, an UNESCO report, a firearm blog post, and a novel about artistic symbology. The topics will span from the Game publisher Activision having a secret agreement with Firearm manufacturer Remmington to make their rifle the ACR appealing to a younger demographic. Greek Yogurt brands like Oikos changing the color of their packaging as part of a sponsorship deal with the National Football League (NFL). Additionally, how men, specifically white men and boys who identify as gamers have been made to feel victimized through the inclusion of women or people of color in their favorite videogames. This form of art reflects how a patriarchal society harms males, as older male gamers influence younger males and reinforce the worst anti-social behaviors that are then carried into the real world as shouting, outburst of anger, and racist actions.

• #33 - Jeni Groff - Are University Student more Stressed: A Comparative Study Before and After COVID

  Mentor: Rachel Chase, Michael Olpin
  College: College of Social Sciences & Education
  Department: Psychological Science
  Abstract: College and university students experience high amounts of distress relative to the general population.  The COVID-19 pandemic compounded existing stress as uncertainty regarding school closings, food scarcity, and concerns about individual and societal health increased.  Implementing inexpensive and accessible stress relief interventions is critical to universities’ approach to fostering improved mental and academic outcomes.  The current study sought to investigate whether student stress and facility use changed before and after COVID and compares efficacy of three stress-reduction interventions: chi machine, massage chair, and rejuvenation lounger.  We analyzed existing data from the campus Stress Relief Center at Weber State University.  Four measures of stress were taken before and after the intervention: blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), perceived stress (PS) and perceived pain (PP).  The difference in Stress Relief Center visits between pre- and post-COVID timeframes was statistically significant with more visits before COVID than after.  Of the stress measures, only systolic BP differed before and after COVID.  When comparing interventions, the chi machine and massage chair were different on HR and diastolic BP, and the massage chair and rejuvenation lounger on HR.  There were no statistically significant differences for any of the interventions for PP, PS or systolic BP measures.

• #42 - Jessica Deppe - The Paradox of Perfection in Utah

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose the examination of how the commodification and normalization of cosmetic procedures-such as Botox and filler- affect body image and self-identity of women in Utah. This research will argue that while many women pursue these treatments as actions of empowerment, self-care, or self-expression, they also reflect deeper cultural pressures in Utah's homogeneous values, perfectionist ideals, and social conformity. Drawing upon psychological studies by Singh, Sarwer, and Stolic, I will discuss how motivations for cosmetic enhancement are often complex – often stemming from an intermix of self-regulation and societal expectation-. In dialogue with the sociological perspectives of Conye and Madsen, I will explore how Utah's
  predominant religious culture – and its emphasis on perfection and belonging- further normalize beauty treatments as symbols of moral worth and social alignment. Through this synthesis, I intend to show that cosmetic enhancement in Utah exists as both an expression of agency and an act of conformity. I hope to demonstrate that within Utah's culture of idealized beauty, women's pursuit of aesthetic perfection mirrors the global tension between individuality and assimilation.

• #32 - Jocelyne Martinez - Grandparent-grandchild relationship using technology

  Additional Authors: Karina Martinez, Amanda Wood
  Mentor: C. Ryan Dunn
  College: College of Social Sciences & Education
  Department: Child & Family Studies
  Abstract: Our research intends on providing insight towards grandparent-grandchild relationships using technology as means of communication. We live in a digital media time, technology is everywhere and we wanted to see how this affects family relationships especially with the older generation and the younger generation. What we are seeing with research and surveys is that technology is an asset towards grandparents and grandchildren maintaining a strong relationship. This allows them to communicate in various forms from texting to video calling. The accessibility of communicating is at our fingertips.

• #23 - Jonathon Sonntag - Functional Feeding Groups of Caddisflies found in Different Microhabitats

  Additional Authors: Malorie Hoyt, Kara Marker, Frankie Mismash, Atlas Wheeler
  Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: This study was conducted at Strongs Creek, located northeast of Weber State University, to examine invertebrate communities across different stream microhabitats. Our group focused on identifying the functional feeding groups of Trichoptera (caddisflies) to better understand their ecological roles. Caddisflies are primarily classified as collector-filterers, meaning they obtain food by filtering suspended organic matter from the water. Invertebrates were collected using kick nets and by gathering rocks with attached specimens from multiple habitats. Samples were preserved in ethanol and later sorted by order, family, genus, and functional feeding group. We then analyzed the abundance of each feeding group across distinct habitat types and graphed the results. A total of 98% of Trichoptera was identified as collector-filterers, while the remaining 2% consisted of shredders and predators/scrapers. Among the shredders, genera such as Goera were observed, primarily inhabiting debris-rich and slower-flowing microhabitats where coarse particulate organic matter was abundant. In contrast, collector-filterers such as Hydropsyche and Diplecentrona were more prevalent in rapids and cascades, where higher flow rates facilitate filter feeding. These findings suggest that Trichoptera feeding groups exhibit clear habitat partitioning based on food resource availability and flow conditions. Overall, this study provided a foundational understanding of stream ecology and demonstrated distinct habitat preferences among Trichoptera feeding groups.

   

• #47 - Karina Perez-Morales - Mexican-American Gen-Z using fashion to be political

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I propose to discuss how those who are from Mexican-American cultures express their shared  identity through fashion online and do this as a way to show how proud of their culture and stand for the people of their culture. This concept is not new due to the history of Mexican-Americans using fashion as a political stance throughout the culture's history. I'm planning on focusing on Gen-Z, because Gen-Z uses their online platforms to share their own culture and have others learn about politics through this. The big question that I will answer through my research is: How has fashion in Mexican-American culture been used as a political stance throughout history influenced self expression throughout Gen-Z? Gen-Z is using their fashion to be self-expressive, and it's not just in person, like going to a protest or walking around wearing specific clothing or accessories, but also online and because of this, social media has helped to teach people to stand up for their own culture and not be afraid to be loud about what they believe is right.

• #25 - Kate Jensen - The Diversity of Mayfly Nymphs in Strong's Creek, Utah

  Additional Authors: Miya Fuller, Kathryn Arbuckle, Elliot Hoisington, Tyler Olson
  Mentor: Christopher Hoagstrom
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Strong's Creek is a small, perennial headwater stream in Weber County, Utah, containing a wide array of aquatic macroinvertebrates. In this study, we specifically looked into the taxonomic diversity of Ephemeroptera nymphs in differing habitat types found within the stream. We collected Ephemeroptera nymphs in six unique mesohabitats along Strong's Creek. We used kick nets and hand-removed nymphs from cobbles to collect specimens in each habitat before placing them into 70% ethanol for preservation. We sorted, counted, and identified each specimen down to the family and genus level. We then calculated the total percentage of nymphs caught in each habitat, along with the percentages for each family and genus. We found that the habitat mainstream riffle had the largest number of specimens caught. The habitats' mainstream riffle and middle pools were equal in having the most diversity of Ephemeroptera nymphs. The most prominent family was Heptageniidae with five genera.  Heptageniidae mayflies are distinct, with a flattened body adapted for life clinging to rocks in fast-flowing water. The most numerous genus in Heptageniidae was Cinygmula, which was present in all six habitats. The other prominent family was Baetidae with three genera. Unlike heptageniid mayflies, baetid mayflies have a tubular body and are active swimmers. The most numerous genus in Baetidae was Baetis, which was present in all six habitats. We also collected mayflies in families Ephemerellidae, Ameletidae, and Leptophlebiidae, each represented by one genus. The ephemerellid genus Drunella (a clinging type of mayfly) was found in three habitats, the ameletid genus Ameletus (an active swimming type of mayfly) was found in three habitats, and the leptophlebiid genus Neoleptophlebiidae (a clinging type of mayfly) was found in five habitats. This diversity of mayflies represents the productivity of Strong's Creek and the presence there of a variety of niches that allow the coexistence of mayflies with a variety of adaptations.

• TV #1 - Kellie Bornhoft - Bioaccumulation of Methylmercury in Blackflies

  Additional Authors: Janika Linville, Zanthe Harris
  Mentor: Kellie Bornhoft
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Visual Arts
  Abstract: "Touchstone" is a new body of artwork created for Professor Bornhoft's solo show at the Utah Museum of Contemporary Art, running September 26th, 2025 to January 3rd, 2026. The exhibition features three large-scale sculptures and 4 video projections in the 350-square-foot Artist-in-Residence gallery. The work shown in the exhibition culminates the research and art-making that took place during the year-long residency at the museum, which focuses on the shared materialities of the geological and the human body. Our human bodies are mainly composed of sixteen earthly minerals. For example, according to the National Institute of Health, the average human body contains 1.3 kilograms of calcium, 25 grams of magnesium, 4 grams of iron, around 700 grams of phosphorus, etc. Two student researchers, Xanthe Harris and Janika Linville worked with Professor Bornhoft to research, design, fabricate and install the work. We built 10 5-foot by 5-foot sculptures that weigh varied amounts between 200 and 50 pounds to reflect different weight classes in an American population. According to the NIH's data, the sheets of cast resin are embedded with the accurate amounts of minerals the average human body contains. Our research employs innovative approaches to increasing the impact of scientific knowledge through Visual Art. In addition to the work in the exhibition, the students created an interactive website that shares further information about the 16 minerals in the human body. In the age of the Anthropocene, we must understand how our human impact on the Earth is damaging its ecosystems at unsustainable rates. We must comprehend the Earth as a moving, shaking, malleable body. More than reading data, this knowledge must saturate our experience to evoke change. Art does that; it helps us conceptualize the unfathomable predictions that scientific research has made evident.

• #10 - Kenneth Bramwell - Deregulation and Electricity Costs: State-Level Impacts

  Mentors: Jennifer Gnagey
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: My central research question is as follows: How have state-level deregulation policies differently affected average electricity prices across the residential, commercial, industrial sectors?  Previous research has shown conflicting results, with some finding no difference in effect across 
  sectors, while others find that some sectors benefitted or were hurt more in comparison to the others.  The results from this study will provide clearer insight into the true impact of these policy implementations, which will be valuable for future policy design in similar markets.  To test the effects of deregulation a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD for short) model will be utilized, holding trends across states and time fixed to isolate the causal impact of the policy change.  I expect to find different impacts across sectors, due to the incentive to over-capitalize in certain sectors (due to the cost-of-service pricing that takes place in regulated electricity markets) being removed, leading to disproportionate cost adjustments across sectors.  
  Additionally, different customer sectors have different relative costs to switch electricity providers, causing some customers to stay with their current provider while others find it worth their time to switch.  For example, the average industrial and commercial customer demands more electricity than the average residential customer, leading me to expect that the industrial and commercial sectors will benefit more from the free market than the residential sector.

• #27 - Landen Barnett - Investigating the role of FAK on melanoma migration and invasion

  Additional Authors: Camden Van Tassell
  Mentor: Gennie Parkman
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Brain metastases are a devastating complication of metastatic melanoma, accounting for nearly half of all melanoma-related deaths and reducing median survival to less than two years, even with current therapies. Despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted treatments, melanoma brain metastases remain difficult to manage due to the unique brain microenvironment and tumor resistance mechanisms. Understanding the molecular pathways that drive metastasis is critical for improving therapeutic outcomes.

  Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway promotes melanoma progression by enhancing tumor cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. Previous work demonstrated that AKT activation leads to phosphorylation and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key regulator of cell adhesion and migration. Inhibition of either AKT or FAK significantly reduces tumor cell invasion, suggesting FAK as a potential therapeutic target. In collaboration with the Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI), we are investigating the effects of activating (Y397E and ΔN-FAK) and inactivating (K454R) FAK mutations in melanoma models.

  In YUMM3.2 BRAFV600E;Cdkn2a⁻/⁻;Pten⁻/⁻ cells, proliferation was unaffected by AKT1E17K or FAKY397E but reduced by FAK-WT, FAKNΔ, and FAKK454R. Migration was enhanced by AKT1E17K, FAK-WT, FAKNΔ, and FAKY397E, but not by FAKK454R, as confirmed by Transwell assays. Invasion assays further showed that AKT1E17K, FAKNΔ, and FAKY397E increased invasion compared with control, while FAKK454R had no effect (p < 0.05 to < 0.0001). Ongoing in vivo studies aim to assess the impact of these FAK mutations on tumor growth and metastatic potential. Collectively, this work advances understanding of the FAK–AKT signaling axis in melanoma metastasis and its therapeutic relevance.

• #48 - Les Simmons - Muscle cars in American culture

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: How have American muscle cars influenced the development of American cultural identity, values, and popular media from the 1960s to the present day? I intend to show how American muscle cars have changed and impacted culture through movies, toys and racing and how muscle cars transitioned from being simple automotive products to powerful cultural symbols representing core American values like freedom, raw power, and individualism. Through looking at toys such as Hot Wheels and Legos in younger kids. While also looking at how prevalent the muscle cars have been in movies for all generations since the big muscle car boom in the 1960s. With the rise of social media in the past 20 years, the racing community has been able to reach a wider demographic to increase the popularity of such a large part of what built American Culture to where it is today.

   

• #51 - Lucy Fischer - How did perceptions of hair in the civil rights movement positively affect women of color in Civil Rights America, and how has that impact molded hair fashion among women of color in the 2020s?

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: I am interested in sharing the connection between politics, self-esteem, and racism with the general idea of hair, specifically Black women's hair. Hair has been a way for certain eugenic sympathizers to control those who look different. The eurocentric beliefs completely counteract the culture and experiences of certain minority groups, especially Black women in the beauty industry. Reflecting on the 1960s and 1970s specifically, the Civil Rights movement, Black people in the United States were fed up with the lack of representation in regards to their rights and lives as citizens; ultimately protesting and demanding the respect they deserve as both citizens and human beings. Hair was being used as a political statement and a way to reclaim culture and identity by many Black women.  
  Through the told experiences of Black women from not only the Civil Rights Movement but also present day, we can truly understand this reality. Listening to their stories makes this research personal and honest. The insight and perspective gained through this method of research makes this project unique in a way that truly feels human. At the end of this project I want to bring awareness and address the uncomfortable reality our society still faces. While progress has been made for Black women and their hair, there is still a heavy lack of representation in the media for these women, prejudice against braids and curls, and heated double standards in many professional spaces. As I stated before, progress has been made, so I would also like to celebrate these women and all of the accomplishments they have made along the way.

   

• #36 - Lyberty Liddell - Youth Referee Training and Progression to Higher-Level Refereeing

  Mentor: Eddie Hill
  College: Dr. Ezekiel R. Dumke College of Health Professions
  Department: Health, Physical Education & Recreation
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate how working as a referee during adolescence can increase the likelihood of continuing into adult-level officiating. Over the last few decades, research has addressed the growing concern over the retention of referees in sports programs. Fewer referees mean fewer games can be played, and some games may be canceled if referees are unavailable. A key negative impact is the significant amount of verbal abuse referees receive from players, coaches, or spectators, which often discourages them from remaining in the role. Though there are negatives, research has shown many positives as well. These include connection to the sport, community, staying healthy, etc. This research can help recreation programs that employ youth staff improve their training and retention strategies. It can also guide staff education about future career opportunities in sports officiating. Additionally, professional sports organizations, programs, and municipalities may find these insights useful for recruitment practices. Methods will include a Google Survey being administered to approximately 50 people. It will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel and AI, collection of data is currently ongoing.

• #30 - Makenna Harris - How Does Perceived Stress Affect Attitudes Toward Solitude in Young Adults?

  Additional Authors: Jeni Farner, Julie Winterton, Liliana Galvan
  Mentor: C. Ryan Dunn
  College: College of Social Sciences & Education
  Department: Child & Family Studies
  Abstract: This research paper addresses the central question: How does perceived stress affect attitudes toward positive solitude in young adults (ages 19–40)? While stress is an increasingly recognized challenge in this demographic, the potential for solitude to serve as a healthy coping mechanism is often obscured by its common conflation with negative concepts like isolation and loneliness. This study seeks to make a unique scholarly contribution by explicitly examining this relationship, highlighting the distinction between voluntary solitude and imposed isolation to validate solitude's utility as a psychological resource. We employed a rigorous quantitative design utilizing an anonymous online survey where participants completed two established instruments: the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the 10-item Positive Solitude Scale (PSS-10). The resulting data will be analyzed using Spearman's Rank Correlation to determine the nature and strength of the association, supplemented by two-tailed t-tests to explore differences across demographic subgroups. We hypothesize a direct positive correlation, specifically that young adults reporting higher levels of perceived stress will exhibit more negative attitudes toward positive solitude. The discussion of these results will be framed by the ABCX Model of Family Stress, providing a theoretical context to advocate for the active promotion of positive solitude as an effective, self-directed resource for stress management, ultimately contributing to better personal inner connectedness and crisis prevention.

• #7 - Maria Bennett - Does Remedial Math Course Design Help Vulnerable Students? Comparing Completion Across Course Formats

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: For students who place into remedial or developmental math, successful completion of these courses is a critical step in their educational journey. Failure in these courses serves as a major barrier to persistence and degree completion, disproportionately affecting first-generation and low-income students. This study assessed whether specific WSU Developmental Math instructional formats Inquiry & Exploration Learning (IEL), Mastery Based Learning (MBL), or Online (ONL) could mitigate these disparities.

  We applied logistic regression to analyze completion outcomes (C grade or better to complete) in MATH 0950 courses across Fall 2022 Spring 2025 semesters. The models controlled for several student demographics and background factors, including age, gender, high school GPA, math and English placement, and concurrent credit load and clustered standard errors by course format.

  Initial findings comparing Average Marginal Effects showed that the IEL format was linked to better overall completion rates and that being a first-generation and/or Pell eligible (low-income) student negatively affected completion rates. However, first-generation and/or Pell eligible students in MBL course sections are slightly more likely to complete than students in IEL format sections.

  This means the IEL format provides a general boost to student success, but it doesn't specifically mitigate the existing achievement gaps for our target populations. Since remedial math completion strongly predicts whether a student will graduate, it would be beneficial to investigate strategies to support first-generation, Pell eligible, and other students who are at higher risk of non-completion.

• #6 - Michael Johnson - Endogeneity in the NFL

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: Endogeneity in the NFL
  The National Football League (NFL) is the premier professional league for the game of football, the most popular sport in America. To increase their competitive edge NFL teams have increasingly turned to data analytics. Even as the league adopts more advanced metrics and accumulates more data, predicting and evaluating player performances is still a difficult task due to the highly cooperative nature of football. The running back position highlights this problem. In the past few years running in the NFL has had a resurgence. Teams are calling running plays at rates close to the 1980s when they were at their highest. However, running back remains one of the lowest paid positions. One factor for this is the belief that running success on the field is more dependent on a good offensive line than on a talented running back. Evaluating a running back’s contribution to a team’s rushing success is crucial to valuing the position.
  I will be attempting to answer the question how many more yards can we expect a running back to get every game given a good offensive line. I will be using historical data from 2009-2024 of running backs who played a meaningful number of snaps (25+) for two or more teams in a season. This data will be the backbone for a two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences model that will isolate the offensive lines contribution to running yards. I expect to be able to come up with the average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) or the number of extra yards a team can expect from a running back when given a good offensive line. This value will help determine whether a good offensive line or a good running back are more important to run success.

• #2 - Nathan Bradshaw - Credit Underwriting - How do I know I can trust you?

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: When a customer asks for a loan, how do you know they will pay it back? This is the problem I aim to tackle using econometric based theory.

  I work as a Data Analyst at a mobile bank and have been tasked with this exact question and therefore have front end experience with how the challenge looks like in the real world. With my company's data I plan investigate the unique endogeneity and heteroscedasticity problems that underly this decision. Underwriting normally suffers from Selection Bias (we can only measure the sample that we lent money to), Measurement Error (we want to know trustworthiness but use cashflow strength as a proxy), Omitted Variable Bias (variables about the applicant that would inform risk are not included) and others. I have started looking into the Measurement Error for our returning customers. If a customer successfully repays, they are considered "graduated." This is_graduated feature is correlated with our internal risk score which is used as a feature to underwrite. I have begun implementing a TSLS to attempt at understanding is_graduated true impact on repayment rate. Along with this graduated data concern, I intend to expand into other econometric concerns with the underwriting process.

• #37 - Oakley James - Pathogen Prevalence of Unpressurized Municipal Irrigation Water in Northern Utah

  Mentor: Kendal Beazer
  College: Dr. Ezekiel R. Dumke College of Health Professions
  Department: Medical Laboratory Sciences
  Abstract: Untreated, pressurized, municipal irrigation water (UPMIW), also known as secondary water, is commonly used among residential areas across Northern Utah for irrigation purposes. As untreated water, irrigated directly from river water and snow runoff, secondary water may contain harmful pathogens that have the potential to cause disease in residents who water their properties with it. Following a confirmed outbreak of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in 2023 that was traced back to a UPMIW holding reservoir in Utah County, questions were raised about the pathogen prevalence in secondary water across other sections of the Wasatch Front. 15 UPMIW sites were sampled along Davis and Weber counties. Eleven samples were collected from holding reservoirs supplied by the Weber River, and four were collected from residential endpoints. The samples, treated with sodium thiosulfate, were centrifuged, and the sediments from the samples were tested for common intestinal pathogens. From the primary plating media, 61 isolates were grown. Each organism was identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). Among the 61 isolates, 51 were found to be disease-causing pathogens in humans, with the remaining being common water-dwelling organisms that pose minimal risk to human health. After identifying the pathogenic species, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) panels were used to assess antibiotic resistance among the organisms. Of the 15 organisms tested, 13 were confirmed to be resistant to antibiotics, to varying degrees. This study investigates the microbial species present in UPMIW, emphasizes the importance of understanding the risks associated with its use and ingestion, and aims to educate the community on the matter.

• #1 - Rannon Chapman - The Enduring Power of Racial Covenants: Links between Income and Racial Demographics of Today

  Mentor: Jennifer Gnagey
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: During the time period of 1930 to 1948 racial covenants were used to maintain residential segregation. A racial covenant is a neighborhood-level agreement that includes a racial clause that restricts non-caucasian people from owning or living on the property unless they work on the property. Questions have been raised on how this practice has affected current socioeconomic factors. This analysis looks at the impact of these racial covenants on income and racial demographics within Weber County, Ogden more specifically. I run a multiple linear regression, to look at correlations between the density of racial covenants within a block group, the current median income, and percentage of non-white population, to determine if that correlation is statistically significant. Results of this analysis show two separate findings. Related to income, the data reveals a positive correlation between median income and the density of covenanted blocks. Related to non-white racial demographics, we also see a positive correlation between non-white demographic density and density of covenanted blocks. Both results are insignificant.  These findings suggest that while there is still minimal diversity within Weber county, racial covenants alone were not the deciding factor of that restricted diversification. Other policies and/or practices of residential segregation may have a bigger impact or complement the impact of racial covenants, these other policies should be taken into account.

   

• #3 - Roberto Camposeco Paez - Credit Score prediction: overcoming endogeneity

  Mentor: Jennifer Gnagey
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract: Credit Score Prediction Project: Overcoming Endogeneity
  Roberto Camposeco
  1. Central Research Question and Purpose
  The central research question of this project is: How can a consumer's credit score be accurately predicted while accounting for the problem of endogeneity among the predictor variables?
  The primary purpose of this project is to develop and compare econometric and machine learning modeling techniques like Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), Two-Stage Machine Learning (2SML) with Instrumental Variables (IV) to produce an unbiased and theoretically consistent predictive model for consumer credit score. 
  2. Scholarly Context and Unique Contribution
  In today's world predictions heavily rely on machine learning models like XGBoost, Random Forests and simple linear regression models and oftentimes assumptions of the data are ignored, especially endogeneity. My attempt with this project is to utilize econometric and statistical techniques to overcome endogeneity and at the same time compare the difference with traditional machine learning algorithms.
  My contribution with this project is to retake theoretical knowledge and merge it with today's ever growing machine learning and deep learning approach.
  3. Brief Description of the Research Methodology
  In order to determine causality and for interpretation purposes, the model primarily used is linear regression with OLS to minimize the sum of squared errors and obtain the parameters of our population.
  Data: The project utilizes a dataset containing the dependent variable (credit score), a set of potentially endogenous predictors (total debt, number of cards), and several  exogenous predictors (credit history, state of residence, total income, retirement age).
  Instrumental Variable Selection: The project relies on identifying instrumental variables (IVs) that are correlated with the endogenous predictors but are uncorrelated with the model’s error term.
  Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS): This parametric IV approach is implemented by:
  Stage 1 (First Stage): Remove endogeneity from our model, by predicting our endogenous regressors using the instrumental variables.
  Stage 2 (Second Stage): Using our predicted values for total debt and number of cards, now we predict credit score with the control variables and the exogenous fitted predictors.
  Two-Stage Machine Learning (2SML): This method substitutes the OLS regressions in the 2SLS framework with non parametric machine learning models (using algorithms like Random Forest or Gradient Boosting in the first stage) to improve the predictive power of the instrument and better capture non linear relationships.
  Benchmarking: The IV models are compared against a simple OLS regression model with endogeneity to estimate the difference in bias between all three models.
  4. Conclusions 
  The expectation of this project is that the instrumental variable frameworks (2SLS and 2SML) will target the endogeneity problem, leading to parameter estimates that are more theoretically consistent than those from a single stage model. Specifically, the final models are expected to demonstrate statistically significant relationships between the dependent variable (credit score) and the regressors, provide coefficients that align with financial and economic theory and provide interpretable results.

   

• #52 - Sebastian Moyano - Modern political elections are no longer focused on policy and governance, but instead a social game driven by popularity and personality.

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: My focused question of research is, What qualities most influence the attraction of American Voters to a political character in the last 20 years? My interest in this topic stems from the notion that most recent political parties may not express complete or solid plans of governance or policy. Instead, modern elections are more of a game of persuasion and charm. My research questions dives into the reasoning behind why some people might be attracted to a certain political character or why others strive away from them. This study is largely a psychological based investigation that can reflect what the United States citizens society may struggle or have conflicts with. Within my research, it is found that large attraction arises from fear, group belonging, partisanship, and unappealing characteristics. Overall, the research of what qualities make a political character has brought me to the conclusion that modern politics in the United States is no longer a field of policy or governance, but instead a game of popularity and persuasion.

• #31 - Seth Christiansen - Mapping Change in Longleaf Pine Distribution Across Eastern Texas to Inform Conservation and Restoration Efforts

  Mentor: Ryan Frazier
  College: College of Science
  Department: Earth and Environmental Science
  Abstract: Once the dominant pine species of the southeastern U.S., the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and its ecosystem have declined to only 3% of their original extent due to logging, fire suppression, and encroachment from loblolly pine plantations. We partnered with the Texas Longleaf Team, Texan by Nature and Texas A&M Forest Service to map the current and historical distribution of longleaf pine in eastern Texas using NASA Earth observation data and remote sensing tools. A Random Forest supervised classification model was trained to differentiate longleaf and loblolly pines based on reflectance from Landsat 9 bands and derived indices. The model was then applied to historical data from Landsat 8 and 5 to create decadal distribution maps dating back to 1985. The resulting maps highlight the success of longleaf ecosystem restoration efforts and provide actionable insight for conservation planning across eastern Texas.

• #41 - Seth Harris - How might media be utilized to shape American citizens views on China in the "China Threat" era

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: The media has been responsible for effecting public perception since its creation. Whether it be newspapers and pamphlets of old, or the now incredibly massive digital media. The media has always served to bridge the gap between the information sources and the general public. This also allows them the ability to sort of control what the public thinks. With the rise of China in the ‘90s and their continued growth since then has contributed to a massive shift in media and public perception of China. The rise of the “China Threat” theory has had massive implications on the media and us. The media started to portray China as a threat whether it be militaristic, economic, or political. We don’t want a foreign nation to become strong militarily to where it can threaten us, or want them “stealing” our jobs, or because their Communist. Whether Americans realized it or not they began to fall for the propaganda. Developing overall negative views of China, especially with certain groups of people. Regardless of our actual knowledge of what goes on over there. It would shock most to find out that the average Chinese person is much happier with their government than an American is with their own. With the little knowledge the average American has they might ask “How can that be?” because they are still falling for the propaganda that circulates through American media.

   

• #5 - Sheena Knight - Athleticism Vs. Opportunity in Basketball

  Mentor: Gavin Roberts
  College: John B. Goddard School of Business & Economics
  Department: Economics
  Abstract:  

  Purpose:  
  Evaluate whether an athlete's overall athleticism causes competitive outcomes in basketball, specifically playing time. Overall athleticism will be measured by the BAM (Basic Athletic Measurement) standardized score.  Athleticism is believed to translate into opportunity in basketball, but playing time is also earned through experience, coachability, and impact on team dynamics. These factors affect and are affected by on-court minutes, making observed correlations between athleticism and outcomes potentially misleading. The purpose of this project is to determine whether athletic ability independently drives opportunity in basketball, or whether its influence reflects underlying endogeneity in player development and coaching decisions. 

  Context and Contribution:
  Basketball analytics research has shown relationships between athletic metrics, such as vertical jump, sprint, agility, and reaction time, and draft outcomes. This assumes that athletic metrics are exogenous, despite theoretical arguments on reverse causality; players who receive more minutes gain experience and training resources that can enhance testing performance. 

  Research Methodology:
  Begin with an Ordinary Least Squares regression, estimating the effect of the BAM athleticism score on minutes per game while controlling for other influential factors. Then, use a Two-Stage Least Squares to address the endogeneity of athleticism in development environments.

  Expected Results and Discussion: 
  OLS estimates will be biased and over or underestimate the true effect of athleticism on minutes played per game. After applying 2SLS, the BAM coefficient is expected to reflect a more precise causal effect. While athleticism provides a competitive advantage, opportunity for playing time is shaped by experience, team fit, and coach evaluation. The discussion will emphasize how BAM testing can complement player assessment as a tool to identify and nurture talent.

   

• #55 - Tanner Ingram - The Influence of Skinny Ideals

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: Within this research paper, I explore how beauty ideals in movies, TV shows, and advertising have affected the mental health of overweight American adolescents over the last two decades. Obesity is a widespread epidemic within America and an even larger problem for adolescents. Of course, overeating is a common cause of this problem, but what about children's screen time? Personal experience and scholarly researchers have found there to be a strong correlation between television screen time, low self-esteem, and obesity in American adolescents. These results are found in multiple ways, such as interviewing both children who have a positive or negative self-esteem and conducting weekly check-ins on the mental health of overweight children. With the research conducted, I found that constant exposure to media beauty standards within movies, TV shows, and advertisements has made many overweight adolescents in America feel insecure, socially unconfident, and mentally distressed.

   

• #57 - Thomas Chapman - How do beauty and attractiveness ideals contribute to discriminatory perceptions of transgender women in United States politics under the presidency(s) of Donald Trump?

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract: In my poster, I will argue that beauty standards contribute to the discriminatory perceptions of transgender women under the presidencies of Donald Trump. The Trump Administration specifically has reinforced strict beauty and gender standards through legislation surrounding gender and sex, and actively seeks to remove rights and protections for transgender people due to those same societal standards in one huge positive feedback loop. The perceived divide between genders has become increasingly evident, and women are now expected to strive towards unattainable levels of femininity. This is bad for all women, but it is especially dangerous for transgender women because deviating from gender and beauty standards can have severe consequences that affect their lives due to discrimination. 
  For the purpose of my argument, I have gathered a variety of scholarly sources. Some speak on beauty standards and how they affect women, others provide information on the legislation of the Trump Administration, and others use data to track how public opinion on transgender people has shifted negatively over time. I also have two books on how the presidencies of the Trump Administration have affected transgender people specifically, one a memoir from a transgender woman, and the other an objective analysis of transgender rights during the Obama and Trump Administrations respectively.
  I aim to utilize all of my sources to find solutions, which may include fighting against current beauty standards, fighting against anti-trans sentiments and legislation, and fighting for women's rights and trans rights.

   

• #50 - Utsav Belbase - Litigation, Privacy, and Personalization: How U.S. Lawsuits Are Shaping Ethical AI in Social Media

  Mentor: Ryan Evans
  College: Telitha E. Lindquist College of Arts & Humanities
  Department: Humanities
  Abstract:

  Current studies and cases have brought to the forefront the close relationship between AI and the personalization of social media and issues of privacy and legal liability. For instance, according to Brittain (2025), in cases such as that of Salesforce, the improperly used copyrighted or private information in AI training indicated a lack of ethical standards. Also, according to Harrington (2025) case analyses of the regulations put in place or not placed in place in both democratic and autocratic nations with regard to online services suggest that democracies such as the U.S. support users with transparency and due
  process. Zakir et al. (2025) have brought up the linkage between the right to free speech and the right to privacy as it relates to data collection technology driven by AI. Also, according to Al-Dmour et al. (2025), there is the “personalization-privacy paradox depending on user trust with regard to transparent data.

  Based on such antecedents, my thesis is that current trials in the United States have evolved beyond Disciplinary measures to form the basis of upcoming ethical standards for Artificial Intelligence and Personalization. This topic involves the role of legal actions and reforms in directing companies to innovate responsibly through increased product transparency and fairness without compromising technological growth. In examining legal discourses at large, my thesis thus highlights the alignment between law and ethical principles to serve as combined impetuses in the development of trustworthy AI technology.

• #16 - Xander Peabody - Determining Acorn Production of Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii) Using Tree Diameter, Visual Assays, and Acorn Traps

  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Masting is characterized by the synchronized production of a large crop of seeds in some years followed by reduced crops in others.  This phenomenon, despite its ecological importance, has been largely ignored by ecologists. Our project is looking to create a way to quickly and accurately survey the condition of the trees. By using data collected by acorn traps and the Koenig visual assay, we can assess and create a method for analyzing healthy trees. We established 8 transects consisting of 7 trees each, with a total of 56 trees monitored. Of the 56 total trees, we placed acorn traps beneath 4 and collected them weekly for 3 total weeks. Visual assays and acorn trap loads were analyzed using standardized count surveys. A Pearson regression analysis was performed on standardized count surveys, and a T-test is being performed for the average acorn production of trees. We currently have found a positive correlation between acorn production and diameter at breast height (R2 = 0.91, P = 0.049). We are still analyzing the rest of the data.  We do still expect to find a positive relationship on the rest of the test. Our results will help clarify fast methods of data collection and the viability of resources available to the populations which depend on acorns.

• #15 - Zach Olson - Predator Satiation of Quercus gambelii in Weber State Natural Area

  Mentor: John Cavitt
  College: College of Science
  Department: Zoology
  Abstract: Masting, the synchronous and highly variable production of seeds, is a critical reproductive strategy for many tree species, including Gamble Oak (Quercus gambelii). This behavior is hypothesized to function primarily through predator satiation, making it essential for understanding forest regeneration dynamics and wildlife population support. Our research investigates the relationship between Gamble Oak acorn production levels and the rate of acorn removal by predators to test the predator satiation hypothesis. We quantified acorn production using acorn net traps and monitored acorn removal rates within 1-m² quadrats where acorns were counted, marked, and revisited. This direct-tracking method was supplemented by trail cameras to visually document predator activity and identify key seed consumers. Data analysis is currently in progress to correlate acorn production density, as measured by traps, with the proportional removal rate observed in the quadrats. We expect to find that the percentage of acorns removed by predators decreases as acorn abundance increases, which would provide direct support for the predator satiation hypothesis. Ultimately, this work will deepen our understanding of how masting shapes predator prey interactions and forest regeneration, highlighting Gamble Oak as a keystone species in sustaining resilient ecosystems.