Poster Presentations: One

Various research has been conducted regarding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA), as well as the relationship between ADHD and memory performance. Diet and food preferences are shown to affect overall physical health, mental health and cognition. However, not much research has been done on the combination of ADHD, diet, and memory as an overall cycle of effects. This study aims to understand these connections. Our hypotheses predict that ADHD-related food preferences will shape diet, and in return, influence memory performance. Participants will be college students at Weber State University aged 18-45 who will take a set of surveys including demographics, dietary information and an ADHD screening. The final section will include a memory task which consists of a narrative reading followed by distractor tasks and a memory recall prompt. We anticipate that this diet-memory link will be stronger in the ADHD group, impacting neurodivergent populations more extremely.

Attachment styles and love languages are key relational constructs in relationship satisfaction. They shape emotional bonding at a young age and adult relationships by reflecting preferred ways of receiving and expressing affection. We hypothesize that secure attachments will relate to preference for quality time and physical touch, anxious attachments to words of affirmation and acts of service, and avoidant attachments to lower preference for physical touch and quality time, and a higher preference for receiving gifts. We expect that greater attachment and love language congruence will lead to higher relationship satisfaction. We anticipate gathering data from 30 to 50 adults aged 18-35 at Weber State University. Participants will complete a demographics form, the ECR-R questionnaire, love language questions, and the BRSS to measure relationship satisfaction. We expect to find associations between attachment styles, love languages, and higher satisfaction when they align.

The growing use of background music while studying has raised questions about its influence on memory performance. Most prior work has focused on verbal immediate recall and has generally found that music not only does not enhance serial recall, but also that it can impair it at times. Less is known about the effects of music on visuospatial memory processes, such as object-location binding, which more closely reflects the conceptual learning demands faced by students. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of specific music selections on performance of a visuospatial memory task. Each group will be assigned a music genre asked to complete a visuospatial task while listening to the assigned music. Specifically, these music conditions include country music, rock music, classical music, and a no music/silence control. We predict that background music will enhance visuospatial memory performance. Expected findings will clarify whether background music affects forms of memory relevant to students’ conceptual learning.

This study explores how perceived parental neuroticism and political extremity influence the political alignment of their children. Previous research supports that political beliefs are often transmitted from parents to their children but the emotional factors of this process are still unclear. Our study consists of undergraduate students who will complete an online survey to assess their own political beliefs along with their parents' perceived political ideology, extremism, and neuroticism, using adapted measures from the NEO Personality Inventory and existing political extremity scales. It is hypothesized that parents with more extreme political beliefs will have children who will also report more extreme political beliefs. In addition, it is predicted that higher perceived parental neuroticism will result in reduced ideological alignment, as the children may associate these political beliefs with negative emotions. This study aims to clarify the role of emotional traits in the transmission of political beliefs between parents and their children, and contribute to understanding how family dynamics shape political identity formation.

Public trust in government has declined substantially in the United States since the late 1950s, yet the relationship between this decline and macroeconomic performance remains underexplored. This study examines the bidirectional relationship between political trust in the federal government and macroeconomic performance in the United States from 1964 to 2023. Drawing on institutional economics, which emphasizes the role of credible and effective institutions in shaping economic behavior, this study theorizes that the relationship runs in both directions: stronger economic performance may reinforce public confidence in government institutions, while higher levels of political trust may in turn encourage the long-term investment and economic activity that supports growth.

I propose to discuss how social media influences the decisions that teens and 20 year olds make about tattoos, piercings, and body modifications in states or areas where religion is more prominent. Social media has a wider audience that spreads information quickly, influencing its consumers in some way. Studies have shown that the younger generations have more of an open mind when it comes to tattoos and piercings than the older generations do. Because social media has such a wide reach, religion has spread more as well. It is not just trends or activities, it is also religion, psas, news, etc.. Some studies have indicated that religion has become more prevalent everywhere because of social medias influence.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages. Current therapies such as sorafenib provide modest survival benefits but are often associated with significant toxicity. Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), a deubiquitinase overexpressed in HCC, has been implicated in tumor growth and metastasis, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Our study investigates the potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting USP11 to improve treatment efficacy in HCC. USP11 expression was silenced using siRNA in multiple liver cancer cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, and C3A). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed successful knockdown, reducing USP11 mRNA levels to less than 10% of baseline expression across all cell lines. The functional impact of USP11 silencing was evaluated using MTS assays to assess cell viability following treatment with sorafenib alone or in combination with USP11 siRNA. Results demonstrated that USP11 knockdown enhanced the efficacy of sorafenib, as evidenced by a reduction in IC50 values in both PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B cells. However, transfection-associated toxicity, particularly in Hep3B cells, introduced variability in dose-response measurements. To overcome these limitations, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated USP11 siRNA, is being explored to improve delivery efficiency and reduce toxicity. Our findings support USP11 as a viable therapeutic target and highlight the potential of siRNA-based approaches to enhance existing HCC treatments. We have initiated in vivo studies, however, the experiments are in the early stages, and outcomes have not yet been determined.

My poster will be discussing the ever-looming misogyny in the ice hockey sphere, particularly how this misogyny—as rooted in the culture as it is—actively kills young girls' beliefs in accomplishing their dreams of going into the sport professionally. In the current political climate, it's being shown daily what it means to be a young girl who wishes to take a risk for their dreams, and how often those wishes are dashed by people who have never cared about women's sports, but care about tightening the leash on what women are allowed to do. This is a topic I am not only passionate about, but also one that ties in with the novel we are going over in Rasley's class, There There by Tommy Orange, as he uses his own medium to discuss the repercussions of misogyny, as well as feeling "othered" by associations that should care for you. I've compiled varying resources for this, most of which are books or journal articles, and I aim to examine and bring extra light to the excessive torment young girls are subjected to when they decide to play a sport, while highlighting what can be done to give these children support, and what can happen when they are allowed to flourish with it.

I suggest the research will focus on the role of social media in election fairness and political identity in Nepal and, specifically, among the youth voters in the last two decades. Due to the increasing accessibility of digital platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, they have changed the nature of sharing and consumption of political information. This has decreased the use of traditional media and has opened up new space in which political discourse, activism and engagement takes place. This paper will be based on the secondary research, thus, the academic articles, reports, and case studies about elections in Nepal and the emergence of digital communication. It dwells on the fact that social media has facilitated youth-based movements and more people to vote as well as facilitating misinformation to spread faster during elections. These platforms not only altered the way people got to be informed about political issues, but also how they built up their political styles. The results imply that social media serves as an initiator and an obstacle in the democratic process in Nepal. On the one hand, it makes citizens, in particular younger generations, more empowered, as they have a voice and can acquire information. Conversely, it brings the issue of misinformation and its effects on the fair elections. This study identifies the relevance of digital literacy and media responsibility in ensuring election integrity. These will be discussed in the overall context of the developing politics of Nepal and the rising trend of the use of technology in developing modern democracy.

Purpose: Females face a 3-6 times greater risk of sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared to males. Greater knee joint laxity (KJL) contributes to this increased risk and is believed to be influenced by hormonal fluctuations. Menstrual hormones, estrogen and progesterone, have been explored for their effects on KJL with inconsistent results. Human Relaxin-2 (RLN-2) is a hormone secreted during the menstrual cycle to relax soft-tissue structures in preparation for childbirth. Limited research exists on RLN-2 levels throughout the cycle, and its relationship to KJL is relatively unknown. This study examined the changes in RLN-2 levels and KJL throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods: 16 collegiate female athletes (20.3 ± 1.5 yrs) who were eumenorrheic and not using birth control completed this study. KJL was measured by anterior tibial translation of the femur, via handheld arthrometer. KJL measurements and blood samples were collected during each phase of the menstrual cycle: menstruation (MN), follicular (FL), ovulation (OV), and luteal (LT). An ELISA was used to quantify RLN-2 levels from blood samples in each phase. Menstrual cycle phase was confirmed via urinalysis. Time comparisons of KJL and RLN-2 were made using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: KJL was significantly higher in MN (2.4 ± 1.6 mm) when compared to the other three phases (FL = 1.9 ± 1.5 mm, OV = 1.8 ± 1.5 mm, LT = 1.8 ± 1.3 mm; p < 0.05). Conversely, RLN-2 was significantly higher in LT (34.3 ± 17.3 pg/mL) when compared to the other three phases (MN = 21.4 ± 10.9 pg/mL, FL = 21.2 ± 10.6 pg/mL, OV = 22.7 ± 12.5 pg/mL; p < 0.01). Conclusion: KJL and RLN-2 fluctuated across the phases of the menstrual cycle. Although these variables peak in different phases of the cycle, the increased concentration of RLN-2 in LT may explain the subsequent rise in KJL during MN. Additional joint properties beyond KJL, such as stiffness, should be explored in relation to RLN-2 levels to better understand their effect on the ACL.

Liver cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of cancer, with current effective treatments accompanied by horrible side effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and has a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%, decreasing to 3% if metastasized. In 2020, liver cancer was found to be the 6th most common and 2nd most lethal cancer. The rate of death for patients with liver cancer has doubled, and rate of diagnosis has tripled since the 1980s. Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a natural mechanism for regulating gene expression. siRNA interacts with a protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) which uses it as a template to cut matching mRNA strands. This targeted destruction prevents the production of cancer-causing proteins and offers the opportunity to damage cancer cells more than healthy liver cells. Cancer genes, such as astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1/MTDH), are overexpressed in liver cancer, causing an overproduction of proteins that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. AEG-1 is commonly highly upregulated in HCC, evading apoptosis and playing an important role in metastasis. Validation and cell death (MTS) assay experiments for the AEG-1 oncogene in our lab have shown that AEG-1 siRNA a) reduces expression of the target gene in both PP5 and Hep3B liver cancer cells and b) drastically reduces the IC50 (the amount of sorafenib needed to kill half of the cancer cells) in the Hep3B cell line. We plan to begin experimentation soon with N-acetylgalactosamine conjugated with siRNA (NGalAc), which is a method of delivering siRNA treatment specifically to liver cells that has been used successfully in several FDA-approved therapies. If these experiments are successful, we will start liver cancer mouse model experiments.

The research I have conducted focuses on the relationship between practical effects—more specifically, miniatures—and digital filmmaking in creating timeless and well-constructed films. To do this, I looked more directly through the lens of WETA Workshops, one of the lead workshops in both digital and physical visual effects, and their work on The Lord of the Rings trilogy. By bridging the gap between physical miniatures and cutting-edge digital effects, WETA Workshop established a new standard for "tactile realism" and visuals during the filming of The Lord of the Rings, proving that the future of the film industry lies in the balance of physical artistry and digital scale. I came to this conclusion as I studied both the history and trajectory of digital and practical effects, especially in relation to the constantly changing technology developed by WETA. The reason I chose to highlight WETA's work specifically on The Lord of the Rings is that it is the poster child for this new wave of technology in film during the early 2000s that revolutionized the medium. Unlike other studios, film director Peter Jackson chose to merge these two competing visual formats to create multilayered, blended scenes, rather than siding entirely with one or the other. By studying these films, as well as the ongoing work of WETA Workshops, the film industry can better determine the desired methods for future filmmaking as it seeks to create timeless and well-crafted films.

For this study, our objective was to determine whether romantic relationship satisfaction among adults is correlated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for relationship counseling. Committed romantic relationships play a vital role in emotional well-being and overall life satisfaction. To support these relationships, external help is available to couples via counseling and other resources. As AI becomes more accessible and versatile, valuable research regarding its influence on relationship satisfaction can be collected to determine whether AI can benefit couples and improve romantic relationships via counseling. Discovering a relationship between the two subjects may open the door to further research and expand therapeutic resources to couples. On the contrary, data collected from this study and future research may reveal that using AI for counseling purposes is not beneficial, and as a result, researchers can turn their attention to other resources that may be more helpful to couples seeking counseling. The methodology for this study involves an online questionnaire administered via the Qualtrics survey platform. Participants were recruited via email, personal communication, snowball sampling (participants forwarding the survey to people in their circles), and flyers on campus grounds. Participants answered a series of questions regarding relationship satisfaction, AI usage and satisfaction with AI, therapy usage/satisfaction, and demographics. The expected results of this study are that participants who use AI for the purpose of relationship counseling will also report higher levels of relationship satisfaction compared to those who do not use AI for these purposes. In addition, we propose a second hypothesis: there is no clear correlation between romantic relationship satisfaction and AI use for relationship counseling.

Alcohol consumption significantly impairs motor skills and cognitive functions, yet individuals often struggle to accurately self-assess their level of intoxication. While professional breathalyzers and blood tests provide precise measurements, they are not always accessible to the general public in real-time. This gap between perceived and actual impairment can lead to dangerous decisions and preventable accidents. Prior study has proposed that "smartphone-embedded triaxial accelerometer data" can detect heavy drinking events with 77.5% accuracy. This research extends the work of prior study by implementing an ensemble learning approach. Machine learning algorithms will be used to classify accelerometer data into one of two categories -Transdermal Alcohol Content (TAC) above and below 0.08, which is the legal limit in most states. Using the Bar Crawl Detecting Heavy Drinking dataset, the ensemble method will be used to vote on predictions for a test set. It is expected that an ensemble method will provide higher accuracy compared to the prior study's singular model.

This study explores whether the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can effectively capture differences in systematic risk at the firm level. In particular, it examines whether Tesla's stock has a higher beta than the overall market and comparable large-cap companies such as Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon. The main goal is to assess whether CAPM can meaningfully distinguish risk across firms with different business models and growth profiles. CAPM suggests that expected returns are driven by exposure to market risk, but its ability to explain real-world returns has long been debated. This study contributes to that discussion by focusing on firm-level variation, especially in the case of Tesla, whose valuation is heavily influenced by growth expectations and market sentiment. To test this, the study uses a time-series regression of excess stock returns on excess market returns. A dummy variable interaction framework is applied to estimate and compare betas across firms within a single model, with Amazon as the baseline. The expected results suggest that Tesla will have a beta greater than one and higher than its peers, indicating greater sensitivity to market movements. These findings will be discussed in relation to CAPM's usefulness and its limitations in explaining differences in risk across firms.

This study investigates the long-term impact of the 2016 teacher strike in Chiapas, Mexico, on the subsequent labor market outcomes of affected high school students. There are many applications for knowing the value of time for students to be in school and thus the value of having teachers also in classrooms. If the negative effects of teacher strikes were more clearly measured, it could give the teachers more bargaining power and incentivize the government to meet the demands of the teachers because they know what uninterrupted education is worth, in essence, the opportunity cost of not paying teachers enough. Utilizing a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework, this research compares wage data from Chiapas (treatment) with Durango (control). The data needed is sourced from the national survey data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico (INEGI) for both Chiapas and Durango. Durango is selected for its comparable economic and industrial profile, while its geographic distance from Chiapas minimizes the major spillover effects from the strike. The 2016 strike represents a significant educational disruption, making it an appropriate event to study as the effects will be more pronounced. It is expected that the teacher strike will reduce the human capital for the students and result in lower wages as compared to students who did not experience major teacher strikes.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate a structured psychiatric onboarding process for newly hired inpatient behavioral health nurses to improve confidence and onboarding satisfaction. Background/Rationale: Inpatient behavioral health settings require competence in crisis management, therapeutic communication, and safety-focused care. Newly hired nurses often feel unprepared to manage these demands, which contributes to low confidence and role strain. New employee onboarding provides a structure for delivering orientation and psychiatric-specific content; however, inconsistent practices among preceptors and shifts create gaps in role readiness. A structured, evidence-based, process-driven onboarding approach was needed to support nurse transition and preparedness for safe psychiatric practice. Methods: A standardized four-week psychiatric onboarding process was implemented on an inpatient behavioral health unit, using a toolkit that included: competency-based checklists, preceptor guidance, and learning activities. Pre- and post-onboarding surveys assessed nurse confidence and satisfaction, while preceptors completed tracking tools to document competency progression. Results: Post-intervention findings showed improved self-reported nurse confidence across all measured domains, including crisis response, therapeutic communication, and unit workflow. Confidence scores increased from pre-intervention ranges of 30%-70% to post-intervention scores of 90%-100%. Qualitative feedback reflected improved clarity, structure, and readiness for independent practice. Mentors reported enhanced role clarity and improved ability to support competency development. Conclusions: This project demonstrated that redesigning the onboarding process using a structured psychiatric-specific toolkit improved nurse confidence and onboarding satisfaction. Process-focused onboarding interventions can support safer practice and improved retention in inpatient behavioral health settings. Keywords: psychiatric nursing, onboarding, quality improvement, nurse confidence

Proposed Title: How Media Shapes the Representation of Hispanic Immigrant Communities

My poster looks at how media shapes the way the Hispanic immigrant community is represented in the U.S. news. I've come across research showing that immigrant groups are often described in political ways or through stories that don't show the full picture, but I'm focusing on how these patterns affect the way Hispanic immigrants are understood today. I'm using scholarly research and paying attention to the tone and types of stories that show up in the news. This helps me see how certain portrayals such as focusing on crime or economic impact, get repeated across different sources So far, I'm finding that even articles that seem neutral still tend to have similar narratives that don't really match the community's actual experiences. Stories that focus on Hispanic immigrants' personal stories or everyday lives appear less often. My argument is that these patterns create a limited and sometimes misleading picture of Hispanic immigrant communities, which affects how the public understands and respects them. In this project, I look at the patterns that keep appearing and how they shape people's overall view of these communities. This also connects to the book we're reading in class, There There, which shows how certain stories and stereotypes can shape how a community is viewed.

This is me, Ashley Cornejo, showing my class How does gang violence affect public school educational polices in Central America? I will focus on Central America countryside not just on 1.

College student burnout is a growing concern, with students often balancing academic, financial, and personal demands. This study was conducted to examine burnout, defined as emotional and academic exhaustion resulting from prolonged stress, as well as the use of college resources, including services such as academic advising, tutoring centers, and counseling. This study focuses on how the frequency of engagement with these resources may influence students' burnout levels. Data is being collected from approximately 50 undergraduate students through an anonymous online survey. Participants report their frequency of resource use and respond to a series of Likert-scale questions designed to measure burnout, including indicators such as fatigue, decreased motivation, and feelings of academic disengagement. The survey was distributed electronically to ensure accessibility and encourage participation. Data will be analyzed using correlational methods to examine the relationship between the usage of resources available and levels of burnout experienced. It is expected that higher engagement with campus resources will be associated with lower reported burnout. This study is significant because it may highlight the importance of accessible and well-promoted student support services. Findings could be used to improve resource availability, increase student engagement, and ultimately reduce burnout, contributing to better academic outcomes and overall student well-being.

This study investigates the connection between historical trauma and the widespread addiction problems in the Native American community, as seen in the novel "There There" by Tommy Orange. Historical trauma rooted from hundreds of years of colonization, assimilation, and cultural destruction has left heavy psychological scars on the Native American people. These scars are commonly manifested in the form of addiction, to cope with the mental toll they are dealing with. Addiction can be seen as a symptom of collective historical wounds that may continue to fester. "There There" portrays how the addiction problems the characters face are closely related to the historical trauma rooted from the oppression of their ancestors. The central theme uses addiction as a powerful symbol of the ongoing consequences of the historical trauma. The struggle the characters deal with reflects a deeper desire for connection, identity, and healing while being in the face of oppression and cultural loss.

The goal of this project was to develop an artificial intelligence system that could detect defects in casting shells from Williams International. For decades, people have been developing AI or Computer Vision to detect defects in objects and programs to improve from what humans are capable of detecting. With this information, a group of WSU students worked to develop an AI model and computer based visual system so that it could tell when a casting shell had a crack, slough, or similar defects discovered. Using deep transfer learning and large data sets created from existing defects, the system is able to detect these defects in real time, scanning the shells while rotating around them and saving the defects found in a searchable library for later use. The library will be used to examine and determine how to remove these defects and to discover any new defects. The system needed to be trained to detect these defects, which needed to be done carefully, one error in the data annotation could result in the system failing. The group also had to develop a method of viewing the shells without being in the way of the production line and within a short time period. To do this, a frame was designed to hold the robot arm and rotate around the shell without interfering with the production line and the frame itself being an enclosed box to protect all components from dust and debris in the factory. This project team is composed of six undergraduate seniors in the mechanical engineering program at Weber State University.

As mentors in training, we believe that the cycle of mentoring is incredibly important and beneficial to anyone. Both as mentors and mentees, we have learned essential skills such as self awareness and self advocacy. Being a mentor in training helped us build confidence and reclaim our voice. For me, I would still be struggling heavily if I did not get involved in mentoring. I want other people to know that they are not alone, and that they can turn to a mentor for help. Ideally, everyone would have a mentor. It's often easy to feel lost in college. I, like many, felt like I had no one to turn to when I was struggling. I knew I should ask for help, but had no idea how. My mentors have taught me to speak up, and became a safe place for me to do so. As a result, I gained more confidence and would advocate for myself far more than I previously did. Skills like active listening, open conversations, learning about campus resources, and working towards creating an intentional relationship based on respect has helped us better advocate and support mentees. We learned that through advocating for our peers it can help to build leadership skills, communication skills, and self confidence. Additionally, helping your peers to become more comfortable speaking up for themselves and their needs. This important experience helps to do a deeper dive on just how well mentoring helps mentees alongside mentors. Not to mention teaches us life, career, and leadership skills that are crucial for our futures. Moving forward, mentoring should continue creating safe spaces helping students to feel more confident when it comes to self advocacy, further encouraging open communication to help build a stronger and even more confident community.

Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm, which are widespread throughout our environment due to human activity. Microplastics can be transported through the atmosphere, and can be deposited in snow, and have even been found in snow in remote locations like Antarctica. This study attempts to determine if there are more microplastics in snow around areas with human activity, such as a ski resort, compared to areas with little to no human activity. We collected snow samples from trafficked and untrafficked locations at and near the Snowbasin ski resort in early March. After allowing the snow to melt in plastic-free containers, we filtered the water through steel mesh and glass fiber filters to capture different size ranges of microplastics, then stained, imaged, and counted the number of microplastic particles in each sample using a confocal laser scanning microscope. We also attempted to determine the composition of large particles using FTIR. While analyses were still underway at the time of abstract writing, we expect to find that microplastic levels in snow collected from high traffic areas will be higher than levels in snow collected from untracked areas. We expect this to be due to the increase of traffic leading to microplastic shedding from clothing, skis, and mountain equipment being added to microplastics present in the snow from atmospheric deposition.

This study examines how tariff reductions and free trade agreements (FTAs) influence automobile imports from South Korea into OECD countries. The goal is to understand whether lowering tariffs on imported cars leads to higher levels of trade. Automobiles are among the most valuable goods traded internationally, and South Korea has become a leading exporter in this industry. Since tariffs directly affect prices, even relatively small changes can influence consumer demand, market competition, and overall import patterns. This topic is relevant in the context of ongoing debates about trade policy and globalization. Over the past several decades, many countries have reduced tariffs through free trade agreements to promote economic integration, yet the size of the trade response is not always consistent across industries. The automobile sector is particularly useful to examine because vehicles are high-value, durable goods, meaning that price changes caused by tariffs can have a noticeable impact on purchasing decisions. Focusing specifically on imports from South Korea allows for a more targeted analysis within a major global industry. The analysis uses a gravity model estimated with a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) method. The dependent variable is automobile imports from South Korea, and the key independent variable is the tariff rate, with additional controls for GDP, distance, real exchange rates, population, transport trends, and oil prices. The dataset covers several OECD countries from 2008 to 2022. The expected result is that lower tariffs will be associated with higher automobile imports from South Korea, highlighting the role of trade policy in shaping international trade patterns.

Louis XIV had a major role in interior design. It was so influential that there are some aspects still used today. Louis XIV was so intentional with everything he did in interior design. Everything was to help make him feel superior to everyone else in France. He used his influence and money to do this. He also helped start the French Baroque era. Louis XIV had huge buildings in the middle of the city. This was to help nobles feel the power of Louis and understand how influential he was with having it being in the middle of the city. Louis XIV also had very extravagant interiors. They were very ornate and upscale to make people feel small in his home, which also helped showed how influential. Louis XIV also used symmetry throughout his house especially in furniture. Symmetry was a great way to show money, which is why Louis had so much symmetry in his house. Ornamentation was expensive to have done in general but to have it throughout a piece and then have multiple things with the ornamentation just was a huge statement of how much money he had. Louis XIV also had a lot of gold decorations and ornaments. This showed his influence and money in one. Gold was rare and didn't go to the nobles between the status and expense gold had. Louis also had gold on his symmetrical ornamentations which again showed everyone how much money he really had. He was so creative in showing people his status and the power he held. Louis XIV was a very influential king, not just because he was a king but because of all the different aspects of interior design he introduced to the rest of the world too.

This poster explores how the TikTok algorithm determines which activist voices gain views and traction, and whether viral attention can actually make a societal change. TikTok has made activism more accessible to a wide range of viewers, and algorithmic based apps give traction to content that is emotionally engaging, visually appealing, or short form, rather than a video that is actually accurate or representative. I will be examining how visibility is monitored on TikTok and questioning if going "viral" online lines up with making a real impact. In this study I will compare viral videos to less popular videos that address similar political topics, and focus on prior popularity, identity, engagement strategies, hashtags and more. Then I will connect it to Edwin Black from "There, There" and how he explores his Native identity and community mostly online. However, this digital connection doesn't immediately give him a sense of understanding or belonging. Edwin's decision to go to the powwow and meet his father shows the change from online interaction to real-world engagement. Similarly, while TikTok can amplify voices and get people talking, the algorithm favors simplified content or specific creators, which limits deeper understanding. The poster shows that, much like Edwin's journey, visibility does not guarantee change. TikTok can shed light on minority voices, but the algorithm does filter what stories are heard and who says them. This raises questions about whether TikTok popularity creates genuine activism or just the illusion of influence.

Purpose: This study compared the Breg Polar Care Wave versus Game Ready 2.1 Pro on skin temperature and patient satisfaction. Methods: This study employed a crossover randomized trial to randomly assign 20 participants to start with either the game-ready Treatment or the Breg Polar Care Wave Treatment. Participants received both treatments from the Game Ready 2.1 Pro and the Breg Polar Care Wave in a counterbalanced, randomized order with a 72-hour separation between treatments. Skin temperature was recorded at the 5-minute baseline and at 5-minute intervals throughout the 30-minute treatment period and the 25-minute recovery period. After each session, participants completed a satisfaction survey to evaluate the modality's effectiveness in cooling the leg, comfort of the modality, compression, and the likelihood of recommending this Treatment to others. Results: Skin temperature decreased skin temperature over time for both the Game Ready and Polar Care Wave treatments. (F(11,209)= 546.186, P=<.001). There was also no interaction effect between the two treatments over time.(F(11,209)=0.771, P =.511).There were no adverse reactions observed. Participants were more satisfied with the Game Ready 2.1 Pro's ability to cool the leg compared to the Breg Polar Care Wave (z = -2.14, P

How does America's "professional appearance" vary from Asian countries such as Japan and China with different beauty standards, and how has it affected the identities of working class adults and young-adults within the last decade? With America having such different beauty standards to China and Japan I was able to find similarities between the three. The idea and standard of a "professional appearance" in America was often established as a structured system of aesthetic labour that shapes identity, which reinforces social hierarchies in educational and industry settings, and influences how individuals are "forced" into professional roles. This idea was also very apparent in Japan and China with workers being put into "traditional" wear that oftentimes people don't want to wear. This "traditional" appearance is deeply rooted into their culture and makes it more restricting to make a change in a common workplace "professional appearance." The methodology I used to gather this info was by finding sources that talked about professional appearance or identity in the specific country I wanted to find out about. The conclusion for all of this is that younger generations of working class adults want to change the idea of a professional appearance in the workplace across these different countries, but have to do so by getting social influence and attraction.

This project argues how weight-loss and fitness standards in food marketing in the U.S. can contribute to nutritional misinformation and consumer health concerns. Its main argument is that food and weight-loss ads often connect thinness, fitness, and self-improvement to products that don’t support health more than profit, leading consumers to lean towards sales language rather than reliable nutritional information. While there is marketing out there with reliable health-based appeals, this project contributes to focusing on how body ideals and selective nutrition claims work together to shape consumer beliefs and what they think is “healthy”. The research is drawn from scholarly articles, public health research, and policy-related documents. These sources are used to show the patterns in front-of-package claims, supplements labels, weight-loss promotions, and more. The project also compares U.S. marketing practices with examples from other countries to show how different policies can influence consumers.

In my poster, I will be discussing the harmful impacts of false racial stereotypes. Tommy Orange's novel There, There explores the identities of a wide variety of Native American characters who undergo modern problems defining what it means to be an "Urban Indian" of the 21st century. Tommy Orange is a Native American author from Oakland whose work strongly coincides with his experiences as a Person of Color in America as well as his trials as a Native American. In his novel, characters on the way to an Oakland Powwow overcome alienation through their passions, history, and their communities. Orange's novel shows that Native Americans aren't some out of touch community, they're real people with problems pertinent to modern society. I will connect the novel's conflicts within indigenous communities to greater real-world problems within the United States' many racially marginalized communities. There, There isn't just a love letter to Native Americans, it shows racially marginalized discourse communities that there is a way to break free from these societal expectations.

This projects evaluates if short-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the ECT2 oncogene can increase the vulnerability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to sorafenib (FDA-approved chemotherapy for liver cancer), thereby reducing the effective dose of the drug required for treatment. HCC is one of the most common and deadly liver cancers with only a 22% 5-year survival rate. Not only are the survival rates dismal, but chemotherapy treatment results in many side effects. Lowering the effective concentration of sorafenib required for treatment could greatly improve patient outcomes. siRNA provides a highly-specific mechanism for silencing the expression of unwanted genes by targeting only the mRNA it is programmed to bind to. ECT2 is an oncogene that is commonly overexpressed in liver cancers, causing tumor growth by inhibiting natural cellular processes like apoptosis and increasing cell proliferation. PP5 cells, a commonly studied liver cancer cell line, were grown and seeded into two 96-well plates. One of these plates was treated with ECT2 siRNA and one was left as a control. Then, a series of chemotherapy dilutions were used to treat individual columns in the plate. An MTS Assay was used to determine the concentrations of viable cells left in each well. Initial data shows that treatment of cells with combined sorafenib and siRNA significantly reduces the IC50 compared to treatment with sorafenib alone, indicating improved drug effectiveness at lower concentrations. Future experiments will test the treatment across multiple HCC cell lines to determine consistency of the treatment in a variety of genetic environments.

Project-based learning (PBL) and student engagement in higher education have shaped how students apply different learning styles and acquire knowledge and skills through real-world experiences. As a high-impact practice, PBL can particularly benefit undergraduate students' learning and skill development. In this study, undergraduate students participated in the development of an advocacy exhibit titled "What Were You Wearing?" as part of a project-based, interdisciplinary course. The exhibit was designed to draw attention to prominent rape myths and dissuade victim-blaming. Students enrolled in the course completed pre- and post-surveys regarding their perceptions of the project-based course components. A rape myth scale was also assessed to determine changes in student understanding of the course curriculum. Barriers and successes in implementing a project-based high-impact practice are also discussed. Results indicate that students were both excited and nervous about being in a project-based class; they identified hands-on learning and personal growth as course strengths and psychological discomfort and group dynamics as course barriers. Additionally, students' understanding of rape myths changed minimally. This suggests that students who self-select into a class focusing on the impact of sexual victimization already understand the social attributes of rape. The findings highlight how project-based learning strategies can be implemented in higher education to enhance student learning, engagement, and real-world application.

I will have the main title in the top as a hub, and then have 3 levels with 3 boxes each explaining the title. The first level will be why we have a high recidivism rate, how it got there, and examples of countries that once had high recidivism rates and then eventually lowered them. Then the second level will explain the flaws in the justice system, the power that money has in preventing recidivism, and why your race will have an effect on your chances of coming back to jail. Then the third level will explain why treating crime as a punishment is a flaw and it should be treated as rehabilitation for social dysfunction and hopefully send someone out as social functioning. Explain how mental health hospitals work and use it as a blueprint on how we should treat criminals during sentence. And then finally explain why a functioning justice system can benefit our country.

Purposes/Aims: This project aimed to enhance nursing education for students with physical disabilities by establishing a liaison role to support 504 coordinators and faculty, and by developing a toolkit and training module to guide clinical accommodations. Rationale/Background: Post-secondary schools rely on 504 Coordinators and Disability Resource Centers to provide guidance on accommodations. Nursing students face unique challenges that lead to suboptimal educational experiences, necessitating nursing-specific accommodations and creative solutions to meet their needs. The literature review demonstrates that SWD in nursing schools still face barriers to equal access due to a lack of faculty training and DRC coordination, which together hinder successful clinical educational experiences.

Methods: The Model for Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Change identified a practice gap in how nursing schools accommodate SWD, especially in the clinical setting. A liaison role was established, and a resource toolkit was designed to provide information about disabilities and examples of appropriate accommodations. An asynchronous training module educated faculty on the liaison role and the resource toolkit, using pre- and post-evaluation surveys to measure the project's effectiveness. Results: Pre-intervention (N = 69) and post-intervention (N = 68) survey results demonstrated that faculty members improved their knowledge of ADA and Section 504 processes and gained insight into advocating for learners by using resources on specific accommodations in the clinical setting. Respondents strongly valued the new Disability Toolkit, emphasizing the importance of ongoing training, clear communication channels, and practical examples.

Conclusions: This project demonstrated that developing a liaison role with an accompanying resource toolkit can significantly enhance nursing faculty's ability to advocate for learners with disabilities. The findings underscore the importance of continuous faculty education and creative collaboration between the liaison and 504 coordinator in developing robust, creative solutions for successful clinical experiences.

Purpose/Hypothesis: This study examined how marathon running affects circulating adiponectin and insulin, two hormones involved in lipid metabolism and glucose regulation. Adiponectin promotes fatty acid oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity, while insulin regulates glucose uptake and storage. Understanding how these hormones respond to prolonged endurance exercise can provide insight into post-exercise metabolic recovery. We hypothesize that insulin will show an immediate reduction after the marathon, while adiponectin will increase during the recovery period.

Methodology: Thirty adults participating in the 2024 Ogden Marathon were recruited. Blood samples were collected at three time points: (1) before the race baseline, (2) immediately after finishing the race, and (3) 48 hours post-race. Plasma was analyzed using a Luminex MAGPIX immunoassay to quantify adiponectin (ng/mL) and insulin (pmol/L). A repeated measures ANOVA with least significant difference pairwise comparisons evaluated changes over time.

Results: Insulin levels decreased significantly from pre-race (M = 81.14 pmol/L) to immediately post-race (M = 25.93 pmol/L, p < .001) and remained lower at 48 hours (M = 33.70 pmol/L, p < .001 vs. pre-race), with no significant difference between post-race and 48-hour insulin (p = .178). Adiponectin did not significantly change immediately post-race (M = 2368.48 to 2847.77 ng/mL, p = .093), but increased significantly at 48 hours (M = 4583.96 ng/mL, p < .001).

Conclusion: Insulin decreased sharply after the marathon and remained low during recovery, while adiponectin increased later at 48 hours. This pattern suggests that marathon running induces a prolonged shift toward greater insulin sensitivity and enhanced lipid utilization during the post-exercise recovery period.

I am presenting about the work I have done for the center of community engaged learning (CCEL)! I plan to present the events I hosted throughout this academic year and let my audience know what impact I have done in the community. How I was able to host events that focus on advocacy and other events that supported my fellow pathway members.

Purpose: The terminology used to describe sexual violence is neither neutral nor interchangeable. The preferred term in the past, "victim," was found to focus too much on harm and legal status. The term "survivor" was then created with the intention of promoting empowerment and combating passivity. However, both terms have drawn criticism for restricting identities and imposing standards. It has also been said that labels like "offender" and "perpetrator" reduce people to their actions, which reinforces stigma and punitive views. Recent literature has responded by increasingly arguing that these terms are not neutral and influence how people are perceived, accepted, supported, and punished. Person-first language (e.g., "person who has committed a sex offense") and hybrid, transcendent, or alternative terms (e.g., "victim-survivor") have gained traction as a result.

Methods/Approach" This study reviews the history of these labels, outlines key arguments for and against their use, and examines newer language trends. The results of a survey of Utah sexual assault education facilitators (professionals) and Weber State University college students regarding the terms they use most frequently are presented.

Results: The results indicate that among students, the majority (58.8%) reported most frequently using the term "victim," while smaller proportions preferred "survivor" (23.5%) or indicated that their language usage depends on context (17.6%). In contrast, facilitators most commonly reported using "survivor" (43.5%), followed by situational flexibility (22.6%) and the term "victim" (17.7%). Differences also emerged in language used to describe those who have committed sex crimes. Facilitators most frequently used the term "perpetrator" (40.3%) and showed greater adoption of person-first language (29%), whereas students most often used the term "offender" (70.6%). These differences suggest that professional experience influences language choices and encourages greater contextual sensitivity. Beyond that, results show that the use of traditional labels has persisted despite growing scholarly criticism. Conclusion Overall, we encourage using mindful language that emphasizes agency and accountability.

Research question: How does racial and gender based bias affect perceptions and treatment of domestic violence victims?

Proposed title: How domestic violence victims are affected by race and gender bias

My research will examine racial and gender bias in domestic violence victims. I will discuss why minority communities that experience institutional discrimination have higher rates of domestic violence. Using the examples of domestic violence against Jacqui Red Feather in the book There There by Tommy Orange, systemic and generational oppression will also be considered. Studies show gender and economic status influence domestic violence occurrences rather than race, which reflects the consequences of systemic racism and misogyny. In my research, I will also explore how past behaviors towards racial and gender minorities may influence a victim's likelihood of reporting and seeking treatment for domestic violence. I plan on using scholarly journals and published research as my main sources of information, as well as using testimonials from domestic violence victims, news articles, and There There by Tommy Orange. Using the above stated sources, I expect that outside factors such as systemic oppression and misogyny to greatly influence rates of documented domestic violence against minorities. Racial stereotypes about domestic violence still exist but are instead perceived as a race issue instead of the result of systemic prejudice and economic factors.

This study examines the relationship between media consumption and fear of terrorism among adults in the United States. Drawing on cultivation theory and risk perception frameworks, the research examines how various types of media exposure, including television news, online news, and social media, influence individuals' perceptions of terrorism risk and personal safety. Despite growing public concern about terrorism and the influence of media on fear, there remains a lack of comprehensive empirical research investigating this relationship. Previous studies have often focused on general fear of crime or single forms of media, leaving a gap in understanding how multiple media platforms collectively influence fear of terrorism. This study addresses this gap by providing a systematic examination of how various media channels contribute to the perception of terrorism threats. The data used for this analysis come from the 2022 Chapman University Survey on American Fears (CSAF), conducted by SSRS, a full-service survey and market research firm. The survey was administered online via the SSRS Opinion Panel and included a random sample of adults aged 18 and older across the United States. Using regression analysis (N = 1013), the findings reveal that higher consumption of legacy media, such as television and print news, is positively associated with a fear of terrorism. In addition, a significant relationship was found between social media consumption and fear of terrorism. The study concludes with policy implications and discusses the importance of promoting balanced news coverage and media literacy education.

I propose discussing how different types of media can alter what people seem to find attractive. There are many different forms of media that exist in our current time, literature, shows, music, news, etc., and these forms of media tend to promote a certain beauty standard. They tend to promote a Eurocentric standard of beauty. Eurocentric beauty standards being light skin, light eyes, and light hair. Basically, blonde with blue eyes and a light skin tone. This leads to the contribution of people with darker features feeling unattractive and wanting to do things like whitening their skin. Due to the media promoting this beauty standard, it also shapes what the people around us find beautiful, adding to the cycle of people not thinking they're pretty and altering themselves to fit this narrative. I will be looking into how attractiveness can be shaped in a person and how the media can alter what other people think of when they think of what is attractive. I want to explore what power the media really has over beauty and attraction and how it can influence others and those who do not fit the current mold.

Physiological responses to esports have become an increasingly popular topic in the research world. However, the nuances of the physiological reaction to different gaming genres have not been as widely researched.

PURPOSE: To investigate physiological stress reactivity among young adults across three different video game genres: online competitive first-person shooter (Call of Duty free-for-all), online competitive racer (Mario Kart 8 Deluxe), and a "cozy" single player game (Little Kitty, Big City).

METHODS: University students (N=12, mean age = 22.3 ± 1.9 years old) participated in the study (gamers, n=6; non-gamers n=6). Participants played each game for 30 minutes in separate sessions. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was recorded every 5 minutes. Baseline HR and BP and post- gaming recovery HR and BP were also recorded. A 2x3x3 mixed repeated-measures ANOVA was used for analysis.

RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of time for average HR, F(2,20) = 6.31, p = .007, ηp² = .39, peak HR, F(2,20) = 17.48, p<.001, ηp² = .64, average systolic BP, F(2,20) = 5.42, p = .031, ηp² = .35, and peak systolic BP, F(2,20) = 13.72, p < .001, ηp²= .58, indicating elevated cardiovascular responses during gameplay relative to baseline and recovery. Significant game x time interactions were observed for average HR (F(4,40) =3.56, p = .014, ηp² = .26) and peak HR (F(4,40) = 2.98, p = .029, ηp² = .23) suggesting that physiological responses differed according to the game. Call of Duty elicited the largest increases in HR and systolic BP during gameplay. No significant main effects or interactions of gamer status were observed for any variable (p > .05).

CONCLUSION: First person shooters games have shown to significantly increase HR and systolic BP compared with a cozy game and a racing game.

I will be researching how institutional suppression by the United States and France after Haiti's independence influenced the country's long-term political and economic development. The Haitian revolution lasted from 1791 to 1804 which resulted in Haiti becoming the first Black republic. However, many major world powers refused to acknowledge the country's independence. The French threatened Haiti and demanded indemnity for the slave owners' loss of enslaved people and property. The United States refused to recognize Haiti's sovereignty as well. This treatment toward Haiti created large political and economic barriers which shaped the nation's early trajectory. When it comes to discussing Haiti's political and economic challenges many focus on the internal instability. I aim to inform about the external factors that have placed Haiti at a structural disadvantage from the start. I will do so by looking at economic patterns, historical accounts, and relevant scholarly sources that provide further insight on these dynamics. I will also draw on examples from the novel There There by Tommy Orange that highlight how governmental systems have historically marginalized groups such as indigenous peoples in the United States, providing comparative evidence on the long-term effects of external suppression. By identifying the source of Haiti's long-term challenges, I intend to promote a deeper understanding of its political and economic development.

We live in a world that is largely dominated by western music and media, so when unfamiliar cultural music breaks into the industry, many begin to wonder how these once niche cultural products have become popular globally. In particular, Korean pop music, better known as K-Pop, has become significantly more common among western audiences in recent years. What has prompted this increase of global popularity? Why are people suddenly interested in a form of media that has been ridiculed in the west for years? My research question is: how has globalization influenced the trajectory of K-Pop music? Globalization is the process of cultural and economic change that occurs as goods, ideas, and cultures are shared between groups of people. In order to evaluate the evolution of the genre, I have chosen 2-4 of the most successful and popular K-Pop groups from each distinguishable time period of the genre. These time periods have been coined "generations" and there are currently 5 generations of K-Pop as of 2026. By analyzing these distinct generations, we are able to better observe how K-Pop has changed over time. Additionally, I will discuss 1-2 of the most successful songs and their music videos from each group to analyze the marketing, musical style, and characterization of these individual groups.

Fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) are a type of tree squirrel known for being muscular and agile climbers. They climb trees in short bursts and pause briefly between each burst, relying on rapid and powerful contractions of their skeletal muscles. Most skeletal muscles are composed of different types of muscle fibers that support a range of functional demands. Muscle fibers can be divided into slow (type 1) and fast (type 2) fiber types. There are further divisions of Type 2 including 2A, 2X, and 2B. Slow muscle fibers are found in endurant and postural muscles. Fast muscle fibers are found in muscles that perform moderate to rapid movements including running and jumping. Based on their fast and forceful contractions during climbing, we hypothesized that the muscles that contribute most to the fox squirrels climbing will have more type 2B fibers. Specifically, the latissimus dorsi and teres major generate the powerful pulling motion required to bring the body upward towards the forelimbs during vertical climbing. We determined the muscle fiber composition of select shoulder and arm muscles in four fox squirrels. Muscle fiber type was determined by cutting serial sections with a freezing microtome and staining them for fiber specific antibodies for type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B fibers. We observed that type 2B fibers were the dominant fiber type in the latissimus dorsi and teres major. This finding supports our hypothesis, as type 2B fibers generate the greatest force while exhibiting the fastest contraction time, which is important for these squirrels' preferred method of climbing. Future research will compare muscle fiber composition of ground squirrels, which live primarily on the ground, to that of fox squirrels.

Melanoma is an aggressive disease due to its propensity to metastasize. The tumor also has the ability to alter the types of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunotherapy is the gold standard for treating metastasized melanoma as it reactivates or stimulates the patient's own cells to help them fight the tumor, but it is inconsistent across populations and individuals. Evaluating immune cells in both the circulation and the tumor itself will help determine how local tumor-driven immune modulation reflects or diverges from systemic immune changes. To explore this, peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples from C57BL/6 mice subcutaneously injected with Yale University Mouse Melanoma cells as an established mouse model of melanoma will be collected to compare the populations of T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). In addition, as immunotherapy often utilizes the T-cells and NK cells to combat the tumor, PD-1 expression will also be assessed as melanoma may lead to an increase in PD-1 expression to suppress T-cell and NK cell activity. Samples will be analyzed using flow cytometry and compared using mean fluorescence and Chi-squared tests. This study will provide information regarding how the tumor changes the composition of immune cells from the blood to better evade defenses, giving a potential explanation for why certain patients respond poorly to immunotherapy and informing future strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.

Research question: How is the current narrative surrounding queer people in the United States reflective of attitudes toward queer people in the past? I will examine current anti-queer arguments, comparing them with anti-queer ideologies in the past and discussing how they have adapted to modern mediums. While there are many groups that have maintained anti-queer sentiments for centuries, I will also be researching modern social movements that promote queer hate, such as the incel community and other groups within the "Manosphere." When examining how hatred against minority communities (in this case, the queer community) evolves into more contemporary forms, There There by Tommy Orange will be used as reference. There are many journal articles and books I will be using as reference for my research. I am also examining the role that social media plays in perpetuating homophobic narratives. The research will show that modern homophobic rhetoric has deep historic roots. This includes conversation many people do not consider homophobic, such as sentiment that queer relationships are "fine as long as I don't have to see it" or are "an online trend." Same-sex marriage may be legalized in the U.S., but queer hatred and prejudice still continue to recur in various evolved forms.

Purpose: Limited research exists on the accuracy of consumer fitness trackers in measuring VO2max and heart rate (HR). These devices are widely used and could provide useful information for athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers when assessing cardiovascular fitness. However, it is unclear whether higher-cost devices provide more accurate measurements than lower-cost options. Additionally, little is known about how users modify their behavior based on the data generated by these devices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fitness trackers in measuring VO2max and HR and to examine whether users change their behavior based on fitness tracker data.

Methods/Approach: Ten active participants (24.4 ± 2.4years; 64.7 ± 8.1kg; 169.1 ± 11.1cm) completed VO2max and HR testing. VO2max and HR were measured using a graded exercise laboratory test and an outdoor run protocol. During the outdoor run, participants wore a Polar chest strap heart rate monitor (PHRM; gold standard), a Garmin Forerunner 55 (a higher-cost device), and an Amazfit Bip 5 (a lower-cost device). Device measurements were compared within participants. Participants and 25 additional individuals completed a survey examining fitness tracker usage, data monitored, and whether the information influenced their behavior. Separate ANOVAs analyzed VO2max, average HR, and maximum HR across devices.

Results: No significant differences were found between devices for VO2max (F(2,18)=0.962, p=0.401), average HR (F(2,18)=2.510, p=0.109), or maximum HR (F(1.047,18)=1.25, p=0.294). Sphericity was violated for maximum HR; the Greenhouse-Geisser correction didn't change the statistical significance of the results. Survey results showed that most users review their data but rarely change their behavior in response to it.

Conclusion: Both devices produced VO2max and HR values comparable to the gold-standard measures. Results suggest that both higher-cost and lower-cost fitness trackers can provide accurate cardiovascular metrics. Although users frequently view their fitness data, the information does not appear to strongly influence behavioral changes. Fitness trackers have practical value in sport and rehabilitation settings by allowing for quick estimates of cardiovascular fitness and monitoring changes during rehabilitation or conditioning. Future research should examine device accuracy over multiple days of monitoring and include newer consumer models.

This project presents a new design for a day-use trail map for Snow Canyon State Park, organized by trail difficulty and supported by interpretive highlights for each route. The central purpose of the project is to evaluate how cartographic design based on user ability levels, combined with clearly communicate points of interest, can improve visitor navigation, trip planning, and overall park experience. The guiding research question asks how a trail map can effectively integrate spatial accuracy with user-centered design to support safe, informed decision-making in a recreational landscape. Contemporary recreational cartography emphasizes accessibility, visual hierarchy, and audience-specific information design. However, many park maps present trail networks without prioritizing user experience or clearly differentiating route demands. This project contributes to applied cartographic practice by developing a map structure that foregrounds trail difficulty categories while pairing each trail with key features such as scenic viewpoints, geologic formations, and access points, thereby aligning spatial information with visitor decision-making needs. Methodology included a compilation of spatial data using GIS software, and iterative map design focused on readability, symbol standardization, and information prioritization. Trails were classified according to relative difficulty based on terrain, length, and elevation change, and each route was accompanied by concise interpretive highlights to support both navigation and engagement with the landscape. The resulting map demonstrates that organizing trail information by difficulty level, combined with targeted feature highlighting, enhances clarity and usability for day-use visitors of all ages and abilities.

The objective of this project was to determine the concentrations of heavy and nutritional metals in cacao beverages using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The heavy metals analyzed were lead and cadmium. Nutritional metals copper, zinc, and magnesium were included because of their importance in metabolic processes. Previous studies showed elevated levels of heavy metals in the shell of cocoa beans. The heavy metal concentrations are also heavily influenced by location, as cocoa beans from Guatemala exhibited much higher levels of both cadmium and lead compared to beans from Ghana in all constituent parts of the bean. MiCacao and Crio Bru are popular cocoa beverages which are made from shell and whole ground cocoa beans, respectively. All samples were prepared using microwave digestion and subsequently quantified with a standard addition calibration curve scheme.

The purpose of this abstract and presentation is to highlight the internship that I have been doing with the Ogden Mustangs and the Ogden Raptors. It will show my work, in both videography and photography, within the Ogden Mustangs hockey team. It will also show my work as media manager for the Ogden Raptors baseball team and how I have helped to create the team that I will be helping to lead. My presentation will help show how much I have learned, the amount of technology/tools I have been able to use, the other doors that have opened to me from this internship, the methods that have helped me grown in both of these fields and the importance of working as a woman in sports.

Proposed Title: Constructing the "Other": The Role of Political Discourse in Defining American Identity

This project focuses on how political rhetoric constructs people of color as threats and how that impacts who is considered American, a theme that is reflected in the experiences of Native American characters in There There, a novel by author Tommy Orange. Similar to the systemic oppression of Indigenous people or Natives depicted in There There, political rhetoric and the media often depict people of color as violent, gang members, threats, continuing a historical pattern of connecting whiteness with "true" American identity. This project is meant to contribute to the dispute by researching how these descriptions affect the image of who is considered American today. This project analyzes the current political rhetoric using scholarly journal articles to research how people of color are seen and treated as threats and how this influences the image of who is considered an American. By connecting the current political rhetoric to the lived experiences expressed in There There, this research is to be expected to show that the current political discourse consistently frames people of color as threats, in a way controlling who is seen as a legitimate American. These historic patterns highlight the power of language in shaping social beliefs and increasing racialized boundaries of acceptance.

Endurance athletes are at an elevated risk of developing magnesium (Mg) deficiency due to its crucial role in regulating muscle contraction and breakdown by blocking calcium in muscle fibers. Calcium (Ca) triggers muscle contractions by its release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle and triggers a conformational change, which eventually allows contraction via a cross-bridge. In the event of mitochondrial Ca overload, muscle breakdown can be triggered and subsequent release of reactive oxygen into the tissue. This study aims to determine the relationship between Mg and Ca levels in collegiate endurance runners undergoing Mg supplementation. This study is part of a larger investigation into the impact of magnesium on kidney function, performance, and stress in a total of 23 collegiate endurance runners (12 men, 11 women). Participants each ingested one 500mg supplement of Mg daily for 6 weeks. Blood draws were performed before and after supplementation to analyze their Mg and Ca levels. Two tubes were drawn from each participant and spun down to plasma. The samples were frozen at -80 degrees Fahrenheit to preserve them until clinical laboratory testing. The pre- and post-supplemental Mg and Ca values will be compared using a Pearson r correlation. A preliminary repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant improvement levels of Mg: F(1,21) = 54.03, p < .001, η² = .720, from pre- (1.97mg/dL) to post-intervention (2.20). There was also a significant time × group interaction, F(1,21) = 9.50, p = .006, η² = .312, showing that the change over time differed between males (Group 1) and females (Group 2). Results of the correlation are pending the laboratory analysis of Ca levels.

I propose to discuss the methods of fashion among transgender (trans) adolescents, the vast public discrimination and stigma of trans fashion, and how fashion serves as a method of gender expression. With the rapid growth of LGBTQ+ representation in the last decade, many forms of trans fashion have begun to appear. Nelson argues, however, that the recent industry for trans clothing doesn't cater towards its target audience. She finds that retailers still have a clear divide for the gender binary which can cause discomfort, especially for trans consumers that haven't yet transitioned. Ollila adds that trans consumers are most likely to shop in small and local clothing stores to avoid social stigma. McGuire & Reilly argue that dress is an important way for trans and non-binary individuals to express their gender identity, but discrimination poses safety concerns for consumers. Moqiao finds that cosplay provides a safe environment, allowing cosplayers to safely showcase their gender identity. This reinforces the idea of dress as a method of gender expression but further highlights the discrimination against trans fashion. We can conclude that gender expression is indeed tied to fashion, but discrimination and stigma against trans consumption inhibits expression. However, other means still exist for trans adolescents to find ways to express their identities. Streck and Reddy-Best find the rise of trans YouTubers providing DIY tutorials online gives ways for trans adolescents to make their clothing at home without risk of going outside, as one example.

Proposed Title: Families Means of Living During the Great Depression.

I intend to discuss how the Great Depression's poverty and unemployment impact families' resourcefulness in finding cultural and recreational outlets through entertainment, such as movies, radio, and homegrown entertainment (1929-1939)? With the intent of arguing that poverty created, due to the Great Depression, did not eliminate family's needs and interests. But instead introduced them into exploring new and unique ways of enjoying life. Rather than be the growing popularity in daycares, from dances and movies making their mark across America. While still exploring the negative aspects of the family's lives. By using a combination of historical scholarly and secondary source exploration. With the article gathering intel from educational databases, scholarly articles and historical research. Further focusing on family's everyday life, children's education and psychological analysis/research on people's personal definition of beauty, providing insight on how families were able to maintain sanity during the Great Depression. With the overall theme of the paper demonstrating family's creativity in discovering low-cost methods of entertainment such as community events and soap box racing. While also altering fashions norms to better reflect financial limitations. With these changes creating emotional relief but also a sense of community and strength. With the paper furth highlighting how hardship can drive families to be more innovative.

Central Research Question/Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate how skyscraper construction and evolution were influenced by technological innovations and how this building type changed the modern urban landscape. This project explores how new construction technologies, such as the steel frame structures and elevator systems, enabled the construction of taller buildings in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Scholarly/Research Context: Before the introduction and development of the steel-frame construction and safe passenger elevators, thick masonry walls were required to support most of the buildings, which led these structures to have limited heights. During the late 19th period, the architects were able to design buildings far higher than the ones designed previously and as a result of these improvements, the skyscrapers emerged as a new architectural category. Currently, skyscrapers still have influence and still shape city skylines. Understanding the historical evolution of skyscrapers helps explaining how architecture keeps improving along with technology advancements and urban density.

Research Methodology: This research will use a historical and comparative approach. In order to identify the architectural and technological innovations that made it possible for designers to increase a building's height significantly some early skyscrapers developed in major U.S Cities will need to be carefully analyzed. This study will explore and examine structural systems, design techniques, and construction materials that made possible the construction of skyscrapers. Then these early examples will be compared with more modern skyscraper designs to better understand how this type of building continues to develop. Expected Results / Significance Is expected for this research to display how increasing urbanization and technological innovations directly contributed to the development of skyscrapers. The results will illustrate how building technology advancement influenced architecture and enabled cities to grow not just horizontally but vertically too.

The rise of the digital era has changed how society communicates, especially among university-aged students. As a result, students may find it challenging to start face-to-face conversations due to a lack of skills needed to build rapport. In sales programs, students often lack confidence in rapport-building skills, particularly when opening conversations, which may hinder their performance in a highly communicative field. Research has shown that any missteps in the early stages of the sales process are often difficult to overcome later in the sales cycle. Thus, drawing on a review of the literature on rapport-building and sales pedagogy, this research explores the impact of a teaching innovation on students' skills for initiating conversations and building rapport in a sales context, thereby increasing students' confidence. In doing so, some data indicate that teaching students rapport significantly improves their confidence in starting a conversation and building rapport. This implies that quality time should be spent building rapport and soft skills with students, especially those in collegiate sales programs where students are learning skills that impact their future job performance. The significance of this research is to address what modernity has eroded and to prepare future sales professionals for more confident sales communication.

The consumption of raw milk has increased in recent years due to perceived health benefits, despite well-established public health risks associated with unpasteurized dairy products. Raw milk can harbor foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes, as well as serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In Utah, licensed raw milk producers are required to follow specific hygiene and handling regulations, whereas unlicensed producers are not subject to the same oversight. This study will evaluate whether licensing status influences both microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance profiles in raw milk. Raw milk samples will be collected from ten licensed and ten unlicensed sellers. Microbial isolates will be recovered using selective and differential culture media. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing will be performed using agar dilution methods in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations for a defined panel of clinically relevant antibiotics. In parallel, DNA will be extracted and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore long-read barcoded amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial community composition and identify potential genetic markers of resistance. Comparative statistical analyses will assess differences in pathogen prevalence, resistance patterns, and microbial diversity between licensed and unlicensed sources. It is anticipated that unlicensed raw milk samples will show higher total bacterial loads, while licensed samples may exhibit greater antimicrobial resistance diversity due to antibiotic use in regulated dairy operations. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of how regulatory practices influence microbial safety and AMR transmission in raw milk.

Despite the growing participation of women in sports, research shows that female athletes are at a significantly higher risk of injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, compared to their male counterparts. However, studies addressing the origins of these complications remain limited, leaving female athletes at a disadvantage in how to prevent and treat injuries effectively. Relaxin-2 impacts cartilage and tendon function by enhancing collagenase activity directed at Type I and Type III collagen through Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in extracellular matrix degradation. It is presumed that Relaxin-2 similarly modulates Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) enzymes through similar receptor-mediated pathways. The purpose of this research is to see how Relaxin-2 and estrogen influence Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) and Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) enzyme production throughout the menstrual cycle, contributing to our understanding of tissue remodeling in women's reproductive health. Using repeated plasma and serum sampling from sixteen female athletes, Relaxin-2 and estrogen levels were correlated with MMP1, MMP2, and LOX1 enzyme concentrations. Prior to analysis, all samples were maintained at -20°C. It is anticipated that Relaxin-2 acts synergistically with estrogen to elevate MMP expression and suppress LOX activity during the luteal phase. Data collection is currently underway in the form of various ELISA tests to determine enzyme concentrations. Statistical analysis of the data obtained from the Relaxin-2 ELISA, Human MMP Panel 2 ELISA, Human MMP3 ELISA, and Human LOX-1 ELISA will be performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is expected, based on prior research on hormone expression in female athletes and joint laxity, that Relaxin-2 will act synergistically with estrogen to elevate MMP expression and suppress LOX activity during the luteal phase.

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease influenced by many factors, affecting 42% of adults over the age of 20 in the United States as of 2021. Weight discrimination is more prevalent than bullying based on race, sexual orientation, or disability, and healthcare professionals are the second most common perpetrators. This project is a one-hour in-service presentation designed to educate nursing students at a clinical level, aiming to change their perceptions and increase their understanding of the complexities of obesity and the harms caused by healthcare biases related to obesity. It focuses on training nursing students to better serve patients with obesity and to enhance the overall healthcare system for this population. Educational sessions were held at Ogden Regional Hospital and McKay Dee Hospital, attended by undergraduate nurses and their clinical instructors. This project will influence the healthcare system by educating new nurses about obesity bias and providing strategies for mitigation. It aims to help healthcare workers examine their own bias and recognize it in others to prevent its harmful consequences. This will initiate the process of addressing treatment disparities and promote fair and equal care for patients with obesity. The outcome is improved healthcare quality for this demographic, as healthcare workers learn to evaluate patients free of bias and avoid overattributing health issues to excess weight.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to develop a strategic plan for the development of a simulation program for an undergraduate nursing program.

Background/Rationale: Nursing programs face significant barriers to meet current and projected workforce demands. Simulation-based education (SBE) can not only address these barriers but also maintain educational standards. The development and implementation of an SBE program requires the completion of a comprehensive needs assessment before beginning strategic planning. The data-driven strategic plan can then be tailored to ensure effective implementation and long-term sustainability of the program.

Methods: Following Kern's six-step framework for curriculum development, this project collected data from a literature review, end-of-program data, internal and external surveys, professional organizations, and experts to form the comprehensive needs assessment summary. Driven by this data, as well as institutional goals and impending regulatory changes, the strategic plan provided the institution with a roadmap for effective and sustainable implementation.

Results: The needs assessment summary identified four main themes: financial stewardship, infrastructure and resources, accreditation and compliance, and faculty development as foundations of the strategic plan. While receiving support from institutional leadership, the strategic plan also provides additional opportunities for growth and community partnerships.

Conclusions: SBE is a teaching methodology that can deliver high-quality nursing education. This data-driven strategic plan, led by simulation leadership, the primary recommendation of the project, is structured over a five-year timeline and sets measurable, realistic goals for implementation and long-term sustainability.

Spiders are increasingly used as biomonitors of mercury availability in and coming out of stream ecosystems. Terrestrial spiders living near streams function as top predators of emerging stream invertebrates. Top predators should have higher levels of mercury due to biomagnification. Aquatic invertebrates were first collected from Strong's Creek (Ogden, UT) in 2024 and the results of that preliminary study found that some taxa, especially blackfly larvae, had elevated levels of mercury. In 2025, we returned to Strong's Creek with a focus on collecting terrestrial spiders to determine whether predators in the adjacent terrestrial ecosystem were accumulating mercury from emerging stream invertebrates. We hypothesized that if spiders were feeding on these emergent aquatic invertebrates (such as blackflies and mayflies), they would have higher mercury than other stream invertebrates sampled owing to their higher trophic position. We collected different species of spiders (mainly those in Family Tetragnathidae and Agelenopsis) from along the creek, plucking them from overhanging vegetation. We found that mercury concentrations varied significantly within and among spider taxa. Mercury concentrations in spiders, as predicted, were higher than in the other stream invertebrates sampled. Further, our results suggest that mercury levels in individual spiders may vary due to factors such as body size or their distance from the water, and not just their diet.

The United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015 as the center of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the most comprehensive global framework for promoting human well-being and ecological stability in the 21st century. Decades of international cooperation, incorporating Agenda 21, the Millennium Development Goals, and the Rio+20, have led to the integration of the SDGs. The SDGs articulate a vision of integration that recognizes the interdependence of economic prosperity, social equity, and environmental stewardship. They call for coordinated action from all sectors and nations, focusing on eradicating poverty and other social harms. These goals must be pursued alongside strategies that expand access to education, health, gender equality, and sustainable economic development, while addressing climate change and protections for the ocean, forests, and biodiversity. The seventeen Sustainable Development Goals provide 169 targets, a detailed roadmap for transforming global production, consumption, governance, and resource management. The implementation is supported by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs and will be monitored through annual SDG Progress Reports. Drawing on national statistic systems and global indicators to find persistent gaps and assess advancement. In addition, the Global Sustainable Development Report will be authored by independent groups of scientists, drawing on evidence and promoting the systemic transformation necessary to ensure progress. Despite global political commitment, progress remains uneven. Structural barriers, such as inadequate financing, geopolitical instability, climate disasters, and deep-rooted inequalities, continue to hinder advancement. The Sustainable Development Goals remain a unifying global agenda that promotes mobilizing governments, civil society, Indigenous nations, private industry, and scientific communities. The success of the SDGs will require inclusive, ethical implementation and sustained engagement from all stakeholders globally.

This project explores the idea that Christianity is being "erased" from modern culture and academic spaces. As a Christian navigating contemporary society, I wanted to understand whether this feeling of marginalization reflects real cultural erasure or if it is the result of a broader shift toward a more pluralistic society where many beliefs exist side by side. My research argues that Christianity is not disappearing but is instead being repositioned in a culture where religious belief is no longer assumed and must be expressed more intentionally. To explore this question, I examined sociological scholarship on secularization and religious pluralism, as well as contemporary research on global religious trends. I also analyzed Tommy Orange's novel There There as a way to better understand what genuine cultural erasure can look like. The novel portrays fragmented Native American identities shaped by displacement and historical oppression, which provides an important contrast to the experience of Christian in Modern Western societies. Through this research, I conclude that Christianity's strength does not depend on cultural dominance or political influence. Instead, its credibility is found in discipleship and the way believers live out the teachings of Jesus. I also argue that the authentic Christian faith rejects racism and affirms the equal dignity of all people, including mixed-race relationships. Ultimately, the Christian story is most powerful when it is demonstrated through humility, compassion, and faithful living.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is widely used for iodine determination due to its high sensitivity and accuracy. Most standard methods for iodine determination are optimized for trace iodide (I⁻) rather than elemental iodine (I₂) crystal. Direct quantification of I₂ is hindered by poor aqueous solubility, high volatility, and distinct redox behavior, rendering I₂ incompatible with standard water-based iodide calibration curves. While iodometric titration remains the standard method for iodine quantification and purity assessment, it is susceptible to higher variability from analysts, is subject to matrix interferences and reagent degradation inherent to wet chemistry, and lacks the instrumental precision of mass spectrometry. To address these limitations, an ICP-MS methodology was developed to quantify iodine using existing calibration curves via chemical reduction using sodium thiosulfate. This conversion stabilizes the analyte as iodide and ensures aqueous solubility prior to nebulization. Method performance was validated against the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) iodometric titration method. The ICP-MS approach demonstrated high analytical accuracy, with recoveries of 99.7% relative to the theoretical I₂ content. Statistical comparison with the USP method yielded a percent error of 0.52%, confirming the method's reliability. These results demonstrate that strategic manipulation of chemical speciation can extend the utility of ICP-MS to nonstandard iodine matrices, offering an efficient and precise alternative to traditional wet chemistry.

I will be presenting on my 4 service projects that I put together in the 25-26 school year. 1: Thanksgiving Care Package Drive, 2: Teen Center Hygiene Drive(club competition), 3: United Way Book Drive, Justice Youth Services Resource Outreach. I will be highlighting the work to create and execute these service projects along with all the data and numbers that are associated with each

Bryant's woodrats (Neotoma bryanti) are known for both their ability to detoxify plant secondary compounds and their characteristic caching behavior when constructing nests. Previous studies have examined woodrat food caching when only two food options were available, but caching behavior in response to multiple simultaneous food choices has not been widely explored. This study investigated whether caching and consumption behavior changed when four food options with differing attributes were offered simultaneously. Four adult N. bryanti were presented with equal quantities (17 g) of juniper (novel, toxic terpenes), creosote (familiar, toxic-phenolics), fruit loops (novel, non-toxic), and rabbit chow (familiar, non-toxic) over a four-day period. Food remaining in feeding dishes was recorded daily, and cached food was collected from cage bedding at the conclusion of the trial. For all individuals, consumption exceeded caching for all food types. Rabbit chow was the least cached item (~0.25 g total) despite substantial consumption (~38.7 g). Juniper, creosote, and fruit loops were cached at similar proportions relative to their consumption, with caching amounts approximately one-third of the consumed quantity. Total consumption was highest for creosote (~121 g), followed by juniper (~70 g), fruit loops (~69 g), and rabbit chow (~39 g). These results suggest that N. bryanti maintain strong caching behavior even when multiple food types are available simultaneously. However, food attributes such as novelty or toxicity may have less influence on caching decisions than previously hypothesized.

Strongs Creek is a headwater stream in Weber County, Utah, with a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. We focused on the larval stages of aquatic invertebrates, which represent the primary consumer stage in the stream. Blackflies and mayflies occupy low trophic levels and are an important link between basal resources and predators. Larval blackflies are filter feeders that feed on microscopic particles transported in stream water. In contrast, grazing larval mayflies scrape algae, bacteria, and fungi from rocks. Predators can be broadly grouped into benthic (larval stoneflies), terrestrial (spiders), and air-water interface (water striders) consumers. Previous research in Strongs Creek found that blackflies have higher mercury concentrations than other invertebrates in the stream. The present study focused on the trophic ecology and food web dynamics among different invertebrates to further explore mercury concentrations among taxa. In the summer of 2024 and 2025, craneflies, blackflies, mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies were collected from Strongs Creek. We also collected water striders and spiders in addition to the taxa above in 2025. We then sorted and identified the invertebrates to the lowest possible taxonomic rank. The specimens were dried and analyzed for total mercury concentration. We found that blackflies and spiders had the highest mercury concentration, while the other taxa had significantly lower levels, mayflies in particular having little to none. This suggests that blackflies accumulate high mercury and could be a source of elevated mercury to any organism that consumes them. Spiders that position their webs along emergence zones of blackflies may be more susceptible to the bioaccumulation of mercury than water striders and larval stoneflies, which occupy different microhabitats. Understanding the roles these invertebrates have in Strongs Creek could help us understand the bioaccumulation of mercury through the stream.

This paper aims to understand the effect classroom culture has on student outcomes by understanding how students perceive their own classroom culture. There is a lot of previous similar research that has been done on school age-children, but it is somewhat limited when it comes to university students. A lot of this literature focuses more on instruction and whether it would be beneficial to increase instruction time. Much of the existing literature does not specifically focus on classroom culture but other variables that often affect student learning. This paper focuses specifically on university students and if their classroom culture impacts their outcomes. This survey was completed at Weber State University with 137 students. The survey asked questions for students to describe their classroom culture by asking them questions about respect, professor support, classroom interactivity, and student wellbeing. This survey was done on a five-point Likert scale with 1 being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree. The survey asked students to define their success based on understanding, grades attendance and using the class resources as well as socioeconomic control variables. Due to these economic theories and other research conducted on this topic, I hypothesize that a positive classroom culture will have a positive effect on student outcomes. Similarly, I believe that a negative classroom culture will have a negative effect on student outcomes.

For my poster I would like to use the research question: What are the changes in our current educational curriculum in high school age students regarding natives, specifically here in Utah. For this assignment I am going to use journals and articles for my research and I plan to explain what changes have happened in a time lined manner ensuring this is easier to understand and really focus on the change to the reader. I expect to see in my results that more cultures can be involved and hopefully if there are not a lot of schools teaching about natives there could be a way to advocate for the natives in order for the system to change. I expect to see in my research that schools are still teaching students about various cultures and their importances in order for the world to stay united and diverse. I am going to research this topic to gain a deeper understanding on why students are not as familiar with natives anymore and what has happened in the educational system regarding this topic.

This study explores the impact of minimum wage policy changes on the employment-to-population ratio of teenagers (aged 16-19) and young adults (aged 20-24) in the United States from 1999 to 2019. Minimum wage laws represent a legal price floor intended to ensure a basic standard of living, yet they remain a topic of intense debate regarding their potential negative effects on labor demand. Using state-level panel data for 51 states collected from the U.S. Department of Labor and FRED, this paper evaluates how youth employment responds to wage hikes in a modern era characterized by technological advancement and economic shifts. To ensure a consistent comparison, I applied the same fixed-effects regression model to both the 16-19 and 20-24 age groups. The model controls for state-level GDP and the unemployment rate of middle-aged males to account for business-cycle effects and overall economic conditions. I hypothesize that results will show a significant negative relationship between minimum wage increases and the employment-to-population ratio for both groups, supporting the classical economic theory that a wage floor above equilibrium reduces the quantity of labor demanded, with the 20-24 age bracket experiencing more significant negative impacts than teenagers aged 16-19. While teenagers are often seen as the most vulnerable due to lower skill levels, the data suggests that young adults also face challenges such as the "substitution effect", where firms replace human workers with technology, and the "scale effect," where rising marginal costs lead to a reduction in total workforce size. By examining these two groups through an identical empirical lens, the study provides updated evidence on the vulnerability of young workers in the 21st-century labor market.

As mentors in training, we believe that the cycle of mentoring is incredibly important and beneficial to anyone. Both as mentors and mentees, we have learned essential skills such as self awareness and self advocacy. Being a mentor in training helped us build confidence and reclaim our voice. For me, I would still be struggling heavily if I did not get involved in mentoring. I want other people to know that they are not alone, and that they can turn to a mentor for help. Ideally, everyone would have a mentor. It's often easy to feel lost in college. I, like many, felt like I had no one to turn to when I was struggling. I knew I should ask for help, but had no idea how. My mentors have taught me to speak up, and became a safe place for me to do so. As a result, I gained more confidence and would advocate for myself far more than I previously did. Skills like active listening, open conversations, learning about campus resources, and working towards creating an intentional relationship based on respect has helped us better advocate and support mentees. We learned that through advocating for our peers it can help to build leadership skills, communication skills, and self confidence. Additionally, helping your peers to become more comfortable speaking up for themselves and their needs. This important experience helps to do a deeper dive on just how well mentoring helps mentees alongside mentors. Not to mention teaches us life, career, and leadership skills that are crucial for our futures. Moving forward, mentoring should continue creating safe spaces helping students to feel more confident when it comes to self advocacy, further encouraging open communication to help build a stronger and even more confident community.

This project explores the relationship between art and architecture in France through five iconic structures: the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre Pyramid, the Centre Pompidou, the Viaduc de Millau, and the Fondation Louis Vuitton. The central research question guiding this study is: How do these selected French architectural structures integrate beauty, functionality, engineering, and sustainability to transform utilitarian design into art? These works illustrate an evolving dialogue between engineering, aesthetics and purpose across different historical periods, materials and environmental contexts. (One or more of these structures may change as my research evolves.) The methodology of this study is comparative and analytical. It involves visual and structural analysis, focusing on four key elements: structural expression, relationship to environment, material innovation, and the balance between function and artistic intent. Thy analysis will incorporate the historical origins of each structure. The study will also consider the critical reception of these structures, noting how several were initially met with public and artistic criticism before becoming widely recognized as cultural icons. A central theme of this study is that structure itself can serve as art. In the Eiffel Tower and the Centre Pompidou, structural and mechanical elements are emphasized as visual features, transforming technical necessity into aesthetic value. Similarly, the Viaduc de Millau expresses engineering elegance through its slender cables and minimal visual impact, blending harmoniously with the surrounding landscape. The Louvre Pyramid and Fondation Louis Vuitton further demonstrate how innovative materials such as glass and steel create dynamic interactions with light, space, and movement. Ultimately, this project argues that French architecture demonstrates a unique ability to merge history, beauty, functionality, and innovation. These findings will be discussed within the broader context of architectural theory, highlighting how architecture can shape both physical space and cultural identity.

Background: Cross-education (CE) is a neurophysiological phenomenon where unilateral training increases strength in the untrained limb. While previous studies highlight CE's effects on strength, limited research exists on its impact on power, such as vertical jump height. This study aimed to assess whether 6 weeks of unilateral plyometric and resistance training enhances quadriceps strength and single-leg drop vertical jump performance in the untrained limb. Methods: 24 healthy subjects (4 females) participated in this randomized clinical trial and were assigned to either a CE group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). The nondominant leg was tested for SL drop vertical jump height (VJH), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), Reactive Strength Index (RSI), and Ground Contact Time (GCT) using a force plate. Peak knee extension torque (PT) was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The CE group completed supervised unilateral (dominant leg) training sessions (3 sessions/week x 6 weeks), consisting of SL box jumps, SL depth-drop jumps to a box, SL leg press, and SL Bulgarian squats. The control group was instructed not to perform any lower-body resistance training during this period. Both groups were retested at post-training. 2x2 RMANOVA and independent t-tests were performed (alpha=0.05). Results: No significant differences were observed in concentric PT, VJH, or RSI (p>0.05). Eccentric PT improved significantly from baseline (2.2±0.7 Nm/kg) to post-training (2.7±0.9 Nm/kg) in all subjects, with no significant time*group interaction. A statistical trend was observed for vGRF (p=0.056): the CE group showed a 4.8% (± 18.0%) decrease, whereas the control group showed a 9.4% (±18.9%) increase at post-training. Likewise, a significant time*group interaction was observed for GCT (p>0.01), with the CE group increasing 4.4% (±6.6%) and the control group decreasing 6.7% (±0.083) at post-training. Conclusion: The CE training protocol did not improve quadricep strength or vertical jump after six weeks, but it enhanced force absorption in the contralateral limb during single-leg landing. Therefore, it may be useful in lower extremity rehabilitation for teaching safe landing mechanics.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, long-lasting chemicals once widely used in electrical manufacturing (1930s-1970s). Although now banned in the U.S. due to serious health risks and environmental persistence, PCBs remain in ecosystems because of improper disposal and their resistance to degradation. Here we are studying the microbial diversity and potential for bioremediation of PCBs. In summer 2023, PCB and heavy metal contaminated sediments were collected from the historically-contaminated Woods Pond, Massachusetts. Analysis of the sediments confirmed that PCBs, various heavy metals, and diverse microbial communities, including known PCB-degrading microbes, were present. The sediments were then used to create microcosm cultures with three different treatments: aerobic, anaerobic, and anaerobic with the addition of sulfate. These microcosms have been growing since July 2023 and show signs of active microbial metabolism (e.g. rust patches in sediment, gas production). Additionally, the microcosms have been used as inoculates for agar plates containing PCBs and more than 100 PCB-tolerant colonies have been isolated from the microcosms. After years of growth, we’ve terminated the microcosms to analyze how the microbial communities have changed over time by DNA sequencing and if they were able to degrade the PCBs by gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy. This data will aid further research to determine if and how these microbes metabolize PCB compounds and may contribute to the future bioremediation of chronically contaminated environments.

Acne Vulgaris, commonly referred to as acne, is an inflammatory skin disease often linked to the anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acne (C. acnes), which thrives in sebaceous glands. Acne Vulgaris causes redness, swelling, pus formation and in many cases lasting physical scarring. Beyond its physical effects, acne often results in significant psychological distress, including reduced self-esteem and anxiety, particularly during its peak prevalence in puberty. This study investigates the efficacy of common over-the-counter acne cleansers by correlating their salicylic acid concentration with their ability to inhibit C. acnes. Salicylic acid is a widely used active ingredient known for it's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that help to exfoliate the skin, reduce sebum buildup, and clear clogged pores. Using Capillary Electrophoresis for precise quantification of the active ingredients, the determined concentrations were then compared against the results of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration testing. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assay involved serially diluting each cleanser and inoculating it with C. acnes to determine the lowest concentration needed to prevent visible bacterial growth. The combination of the Capillary Electrophoresis and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration testing allows for both chemical and biological assessment of product effectiveness. This work is important to assess whether higher salicylic acid levels translate into greater practical effectiveness against acne-causing bacteria. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective yet safe acne treatments. Ideally, effective products are using the lowest salicylic acid concentrations necessary to inhibit the growth of C. acne, balancing clinical efficacy with consumer safety, affordability, and environmental sustainability by reducing excess chemical use and minimizing potential skin irritation.

Thin films are important in many technologies, from electronics to protective coatings. The way these films grow can change depending on the shape of the surface they are deposited on. In this project, we studied how a ZnNi thin film deposited onto three different surfaces: a flat plate, bolts, and a screw. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we examined the overhead surface morphology and measured film thickness through cross-sectional imaging. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was also used to determine the chemical composition of the film. Comparing a cross-section of the flat plate to the deposition on more complex surfaces, we observed differences in how the thin film covered the surfaces and how its thickness varied. This study shows how surface geometry influences thin film growth and provides insights for improving thin film deposition on non-flat materials

I will examine how the healthcare system decides which women's symptoms are prioritized and which ones are dismissed and how this reveals the ongoing power imbalances in women's healthcare. Medicine often presents itself as objective, but research on gender bias and diagnostic delay shows that women often have their pain minimized, and have their symptoms suggested to be psychological rather than physical. Also, it often takes longer to get a concrete diagnosis. This poster looks at research in gender studies as well as first person accounts from women describing their care. I am interested in how the everyday clinical decisions are shaped by assumptions about women's bodies, emotionality, and credibility. By comparing what the system claims to be doing vs what women actually experience, I aim to show the patterns that decide whose symptoms get attention and whose get overlooked. This connects to the narrative structure of There There, which also exposes how institutions decide whose stories are believed and whose are dismissed. The goal of this is to show how these patterns reveal the deeper power dynamics shaping women's healthcare. Understanding these dynamics and how they work will help explain why these inequities keep happening and what needs to change to be more consistent and fairer for women.

I propose to discuss how the recent increase of cosmetic injection use by social media influencers and celebrities is impacting the beauty standard. In the last couple of years people in the media have been modifying their face with cosmetic injections like botox and dermal fillers. This can heavily impact the beauty standard because these treatments are minimally invasive and often unnoticeable. This is relevant to me because many people I know have expressed how they have noticed the increase in cosmetic injection use as well as felt the need to get the treatments. I have researched and found how social media in general has an effect on beauty ideals as well as how social media has impacted the cosmetic injection industry. Many different sources and studies have shown that an increased use of social media and viewing beauty related content increases the intent to get cosmetic injections.

AI is rapidly evolving capabilities that are set to exceed human expertise in many critical areas. Without proper safety measures, any misaligned AI will inevitably cause catastrophic damage before we can react. This is not a situation where we can afford any errors, nor waste any time. We need to pause all AI acceleration now to create those precautions before these systems gain superhuman capability. Both caution and progress should be prioritized. The immediacy of our pause determines how soon we can start innovating securely.

I will be discussing programming discourse communities, how they seem harsh towards beginners and tie this into the patterns of learning, voice, and belonging shown in the novel There There by Tommy Orange. Through the character Daniel Gomez, who finds his voice within these online communities he is able to teach himself how to program and find people with common interests for the first time in his life. Computer programmers and software engineers are commonly known to be blunt in the way they interact with people. My research will show how this reflects through interactions on online programing help forums. Online programming forums are dominated by the voices of programming professionals causing many online forums to be considered harsh for beginning programmers. This is due to the blunt way many "trivial" questions are responded to and how "harder" and more difficult questions are answered faster leaving "simple" questions largely ignored. This form of interaction can also be instructive, showing flaws in the program that might have otherwise been missed. Although harsh, this feedback when taken into consideration can leave behind valuable lessons and help beginner programmers to gain the experience needed to continue down the path of computer science. When comparing this discourse community with the communities Daniel finds in the novel, there are many similarities that are great examples of how people can find a place in this community despite the initial harsh impression given.

My project examines how educational environments shaped the experiences and identities of Jewish refugee children who arrived in Great Britain through the Kindertransport between 1938 and 1939. While existing historical accounts have focused largely on the rescue operation itself and the broader refugee experience, less attention has been given to how different educational settings influenced the children's cultural identity, assimilation, and long-term reflections on their wartime experiences. My study asks: how did different forms of education shape the lives, identities, and memories of Kindertransport youth during the war years? The Kindertransport brought nearly 10,000 Jewish children from Nazi-controlled Europe to the United Kingdom following the Kristallnacht pogrom. Once in Britain, these children were dispersed across the country and placed in foster homes, hostels, schools, and training centers. Many were encouraged to assimilate quickly into British society, often at the cost of their linguistic, cultural, and religious identities. In contrast, some children were placed in agricultural training schools organized by Zionist groups that intentionally preserved Jewish cultural life while preparing youth if they chose agricultural resettlement in Palestine. This research draws on primary sources collected from archival research conducted at the Hartley Library at the University of Southampton and the Wiener Holocaust Library in London. Archival materials include organizational records, personal correspondence, memoirs, reunion books, and contemporary publications. These sources were analyzed alongside survivor testimonies and demographic data to compare educational structures and lived experiences across different Kindertransport placements. The findings suggest that educational setting significantly influenced how Kindertransport youth navigated displacement and identity formation. While mainstream British educational environments often accelerated cultural assimilation, the agricultural training schools at Whittingehame Farm School, Gwrych Castle, and Millisle Farm fostered community, preserved Jewish identity, and provided emotional continuity during a period of upheaval. These environments offered rare spaces of stability that allowed young refugees to survive also to imagine future lives beyond the trauma of displacement.

Proposed Title: Mainstream media effects on self-expression and identity development of preadolescent girls in Utah.

I propose to discuss how mainstream media beauty standards though social media platforms like TikTok influence the self-expression and identity development of preadolescent girls in Utah compared to national trends. Existing research suggests that social media promotes narrow and idealized beauty standards that can have a major impact on body image, appearance comparison, and self-esteem in preadolescent girls. Research also suggests that interacting with appearance focused social media is connected to an increase of body dissatisfaction among preadolescent girls. This topic has a mixed method of research, that uses both survey data from preadolescent girls in Utah and existing studies on social media and body image. The expected outcome of this project suggests that exposure to social media can have a major influence on self-expression and identity development, especially in places where cultural expectations about appearance are high. The findings of this project will contribute to a bigger discussion about identity development in young people, regional differences, and media influence in beauty norms in the United States.

I'm concerning myself with how young adult fiction affects relationships in teenagers/young adults. This topic shows relevance for numerous reasons, starting with showing us how young adults are shaped by the material they are reading. In particular, there is the idea of people developing parasocial relationships and/or getting ideas or expectations of relationships that get confused with reality. Plus, it's been realized that fewer people have been getting married in recent years, and this research has potential to uncover some of the perceptions people have about these kinds of relationships and relationships in general. The start of this project is to find other research and experiments/observations that people have made and published on the relationship climate among this age group. It would also be useful to be able to find anything on how the brain reacts to things it reads, especially among people around 12-18 years of age. And then tying that information into fictional literature, creating an intersection between relationships and fiction, reality, and perception. The current expectation is for there to be a correlation between strange/unrealistic expectations for relationships and teenagers/young adults who immerse themselves in fiction.

My research question is how does the media and gender stereotypes affect students that are in nursing? I personally am not going into nursing, but I have a lot of friends that are and say that they feel like it is very judgmental between the other classmates. I think that this is still an important topic because there are so many issues that surround it today. A lot of the students during these interviews had said that their families were almost disappointed in their decision and discouraged them. Many of the men said their family was not accepting and asking why because they think it is "women's work" or considered a lower status profession without the medical field. I wanted to do more research about this topic because I found it very interesting that what is now considered women's work was something that they used to be banned from doing? In one of the articles I found it talks about how "There was an emergence of universities from the thirteenth century that were excluding women from the practice. They weren't letting the women in these colleges or allowing them to do any kind of practice." These women weren't even allowed to go to college and now they are dominant in that profession by a lot. I think that the media has a lot of different stereotypes that they perceive nurses as whether it's "mean girls" or just the "little helper" when really they are discredited from so much of their work. These stereotypes go both ways and have been circulating for a long time but it's not just from an outside view it also happened throughout the hospital.

TSalmonella causes 1.35 million infections annually in the United States, yet many questions about its pathogenesis, effect on intestinal microbiota, and vaccine efficacy remain unresolved. We aim to inoculate zebrafish with the Salmonella strain 14208 to study these questions because zebrafish share high genetic homology with humans and possess similar innate immune systems. In our preliminary model development, we hypothesized that using less selective plates would be sufficient to allow Salmonella 14208 to grow, but not the fish microbiota. However, we observed undesirable vigorous intestinal microbiota growth, which compromised our results. We introduced a more selective medium, supplemented with an antibiotic, to ensure isolation of the desired sample. To further validate our approach, we grew the natural microbiota from uninoculated zebrafish, confirming these would not grow on our new experimental media. We also cultivated some natural microbiota on dedicated plates to compare organism isolation and explore new possibilities for microbiota characterization. These tests will ensure the integrity of our research results once we begin inoculating zebrafish, thereby minimizing the need for redundant animal experiments in accordance with the ethical guidelines for animal testing. Experiments are underway to progress towards infecting zebrafish and then observing the effect of Salmonella through refinement of our dissection technique, sectioning tissues, and further characterization of the microbiota.

The prints on display were made by students in the Printmaking area of the Department of Visual Art and Design [DOVAD]. There are also contributions from the current Printmaking & Poetry Honors course. The students were asked to make their own visual response to how they view sustainability, whether that be environmental and ecological, social, economic, political, etc. During class discussion on the topic, the conversation continued to circle around the prevailing messages of loss and apathy that dominate the media. However, the artists impressed me with their hopefulness and optimism for the future in the face of the consistent negative messaging they receive on a daily basis.

-Andrew Rice, Instructor and Printmaking Studio Manager, DOVAD